• Exploring the Potential of Ethanol-Gasoline and Methanol-Gasoline Blends for Low-Carbon Combustion

  Fathurrahman, Nur Allif (2023-05-23) [Poster]

  This research represents a comprehensive investigation of a promising avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. While there has been extensive research on individual alternative fuels, the investigation of binary blends of ethanol-gasoline and methanol gasoline offers a unique opportunity to further reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. The results highlight that the addition of ethanol and methanol (up to 20%) improves fuel characteristics and enhances the octane number of gasoline by 0.38 (ethanol) and 0.44 (methanol). However, the blends show the azeotropic effect as a non-ideal curve on volatility properties, such as exhibiting a lower distillation curve and rising vapor pressure by 10 kPa (20% of ethanol) and 15 kPa (20% of methanol). In contrast, considerations such as increased water affinity, phase separation, and material compatibility need to be addressed. It was increasing affinity to moisture, a slight change in material compatibility, and a considerable change in engine performance and emissions. Moreover, the study shows that while reducing CO emissions has a positive impact, a rise in formaldehyde emissions must be carefully managed.
• Hydrogen in Noble Gases Oxygen atmosphere in Compression Ignition Engine

  Köten, Hasan (2023-05-23) [Poster]

  As carbon free combustion, high energy content of hydrogen and zero carbon emission fromhydrogen combustion is very important for compression ignition engine development. Hydrogen requires a very high auto-ignition temperature, which encourages replacing nitrogen with noble gases with higher specific heat ratio during compression process. In noble gases-hydrogen combustion, higher combustion temperature potentially leading to a higher heat loss. This paper aims to investigate the effect of hydrogen combustion in various noble gases on heat distribution and heat transfer on the cylinder wall. Converge CFD software was used to simulate a Yanmar NF19SK direct injection compression ignition engine. The local heat flux was measured at different locations of cylinder wall and piston head. The heat transfer of hydrogen combustion in various noble gases at different intake temperatures was studied using the numerical approach. As a result, hydrogen combustion in light noble gases such as helium produces faster combustion progress and higher heat temperature. The hydrogen combustion that experienced detonation, which happened in neon at 340 K and argon at 380 K, recorded a very high local heat flux at the cylinder head and piston due to the rapid combustion, which should be avoided in the engine operation. At a higher intake temperature, the rate of heat transfer on the cylinder wall is increased. In conclusion, helium was found as the best working gas for controlling combustion and heat transfer. Overall, the heat transfer data gained in this paper can be used to construct the future engine hydrogen in noble gases.
• Toward flex-fuel high engine efficiency via multiple injection strategy

  Aljohani, Bassam (2023-05-23) [Poster]

  In this research, multiple injection strategy was explored in a high-pressure isobaric combustion. The study investigated the effect of the injection sequence and the fuel effect optimized with injections. At low loads, the first and second injections create a favorable condition to the subsequent sprays and ignited by the third injected sprays. Moving toward intermediate loads, combustion initiated by the second sprays while the third and fourth injections burn in mixing-controlled combustion regime. The fully mixing controlled regime is realized at high loads with ignition of the first injection. To relax the effect of loads, and the injection patterns from one fuel to another, a high-pressure isobaric combustion of 150 bar was investigated with identical injection settings for all examined fuels and proven to be suitable conditions for flex-fuel engines with multiple injection strategy.
• Derivation and validation of an Arrhenius-based reduced global mechanism for hydrogen-air flames

  Schiavone, Francesco Gabriele (2023-05-23) [Poster]

  A best-fitting methodology is applied in this work to derive an explicit, analytical dependence of reaction rate constant parameters on equivalence ratio, system pressure, and unburned gas temperature for an Arrhenius-based reduced one-step kinetics in the case of hydrogen-air combustion. A classic Pre-Exponential Adjustment (PEA) approach has been extended to capture both the equivalence ratio and pressure dependence of the laminar burning rate. A correction has also been introduced for temperature profile in the flame reaction region, improving the flame thermal thickness predictions. Both irreversible and reversible global reaction steps have been considered, and it has been observed that a backward path must be included to preserve the flame structure and adiabatic flame temperature near stoichiometry. Particular attention has been posed in separating the dependence on thermodynamic state and composition in the definition of the Pre-Exponential Adjustment laws, to reduce the numerical stiffness of the reduced chemistry scheme. Computations of one-dimensional unstrained/strained laminar flames have been performed for a wide range of pressures ([1; 30] atm), unburned gas temperature ([300; 800] K), and equivalence ratio ([0.4; 6.0]), showing a good agreement of the reduced mechanism with respect to detailed kinetics.
• The Potential of Hydrogen in Decarbonizing the World

  Alghamdi, Amjd (2023-05-23) [Poster]

  The need for decarbonization to save our planet requires a fuel that can cut carbon emissions by up to 60%. Hydrogen has emerged as a leading contender due to its clean-burning properties. However, the current extraction process heavily relies on fossil fuels, making green hydrogen extraction crucial. The electrolysis method has proven to be the most effective way to extract hydrogen from natural compounds like water. Hydrogen has the potential to revolutionize multiple industries, with transportation being the most exciting. Its zero carbon footprint makes it a better alternative to gas and diesel-powered vehicles. Additionally, hydrogen-powered vehicles are lighter, making them ideal for airplanes and cargo ships, and can travel further, making them more practical for long haul trucking. Hydrogen also holds promise in energy storage. Renewable energy has always faced a challenge in energy storage, with the need for large batteries. Hydrogen, on the other hand, offers a more efficient and cost-effective way of storing energy. The potential for hydrogen in decarbonizing the world is enormous. It is projected that hydrogen could accommodate up to 22% of global energy consumption in the future. Investing in green hydrogen research and development is, therefore, crucial for achieving decarbonization. In conclusion, a world where zero carbon footprint cars, planes, ships, and trains, and a steady flow of electricity from renewable sources are a reality, is possible with green hydrogen.
• Assessing Pyrolysis Oil Quality and Catalyst Activity in Metal-Doped Zeolite-Based Microwave Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste

  Islam, K. M. Oajedul (2023-05-23) [Poster]

  In recent years, the extensive use of plastic has resulted in a significant increase in plastic waste generation, posing a major threat to both human well-being and environmental stability. To address this issue, various approaches have been developed to recover energy from plastic waste, and one of the most promising methods is microwave pyrolysis technology. In this study, the feasibility of catalytic microwave pyrolysis of waste plastic using the latest technology was investigated for fuel production. Specifically, the activity of metal-doped zeolite-based catalysts was explored, including gallium-doped catalysts on zeolite and successive incorporation of nickel, cobalt, and copper with gallium on zeolite support. The quality of the resulting pyrolysis oil was evaluated using SimDist, 1HNMR, GCMS, and FTIR analysis. Additionally, the catalyst activity was examined using TGA-DSC, XRD, SEM-EDS, and BET analysis.

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