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    Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure.

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Desmond, Peter
    Huisman, Kees Theo
    Sanawar, Huma
    Farhat, Nadia cc
    Traber, Jacqueline
    Fridjonsson, Einar O
    Johns, Michael L
    Flemming, Hans-Curt
    Picioreanu, Cristian
    Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S. cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2022-01-08
    Embargo End Date
    2024-01-08
    Submitted Date
    2021-08-05
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/674974
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    The application of membrane technology for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane modules, on both the membrane surface and feed spacer, can form a secondary membrane and exert resistance to permeation and crossflow, increasing energy demand and decreasing permeate quantity and quality. In recent years, exhaustive efforts were made to understand the chemical, structural and hydraulic characteristics of membrane biofilms. In this review, we critically assess which specific structural features of membrane biofilms exert resistance to forced water passage in MF/UF membranes systems applied to water and wastewater treatment, and how biofilm physical structure can be engineered by process operation to impose less hydraulic resistance ("below-the-pain threshold"). Counter-intuitively, biofilms with greater thickness do not always cause a higher hydraulic resistance than thinner biofilms. Dense biofilms, however, had consistently higher hydraulic resistances compared to less dense biofilms. The mechanism by which density exerts hydraulic resistance is reported in the literature to be dependant on the biofilms' internal packing structure and EPS chemical composition (e.g., porosity, polymer concentration). Current reports of internal porosity in membrane biofilms are not supported by adequate experimental evidence or by a reliable methodology, limiting a unified understanding of biofilm internal structure. Identifying the dependency of hydraulic resistance on biofilm density invites efforts to control the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering internal biofilm structure. Regulation of biofilm internal structure is possible by alteration of key determinants such as feed water nutrient composition/concentration, hydraulic shear stress and resistance and can engineer biofilm structural development to decrease density and therein hydraulic resistance. Future efforts should seek to determine the extent to which the concept of "biofilm engineering" can be extended to other biofilm parameters such as mechanical stability and the implication for biofilm control/removal in engineered water systems (e.g., pipelines and/or, cooling towers) susceptible to biofouling.
    Citation
    Desmond, P., Huisman, K. T., Sanawar, H., Farhat, N. M., Traber, J., Fridjonsson, E. O., … Vrouwenvelder, J. S. (2022). Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure. Water Research, 210, 118031. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031
    Sponsors
    The research reported in this publication was supported by funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and RWTH-Aachen University (2020).
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Water research
    DOI
    10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031
    PubMed ID
    34998071
    Additional Links
    https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0043135421012252
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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