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    Different resiliencies in coral communities over ecological and geological time scales in American Samoa

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Birkeland, C
    Green, Alison Lesley
    Lawrence, A
    Coward, G
    Vaeoso, M
    Fenner, D
    KAUST Department
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2021-09-02
    Submitted Date
    2020-11-06
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/670971
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    In 1917, Alfred Mayor surveyed a 270 m transect on a reef flat on American Samoa. Eleven surveys were conducted on the transect from 1917 to 2019. The coral community on the reef crest was resilient over the century, occasionally being seriously damaged but always recovering rapidly. In contrast, the originally most dense coral community on the reef flat has been steadily deteriorating throughout the century. Resilience of coral communities in regions of high wave energy on the reef crests was associated with the important binding function of the crustose coralline alga (CCA) Porolithon onkodes. Successful coral recruits were found on CCA 94% of the time, yet living coral cover correlated negatively with CCA cover as they became alternative winners in competition. Mayor drilled a core from the transect on the surface to the basalt base of the reef 48 m below. Communities on Aua reef were dominated by scleractinians through the Holocene, while cores on another transect 2 km away showed the reef was occupied by alcyonaceans of the genus Sinularia, which built the massive reef with spiculite to the basalt base 37 m below. Despite periods of sea levels rising 9 to 15 times the rate of reef accretion, the reefs never drowned. The consistency of scleractinians on Aua reef and Sinularia on Utulei Reef 2 km away during the Holocene was because the shape of the bay allowed more water motion on Aua reef. After 10700 yr of reef building by octocorals, coastal construction terminated this spiculite-reef development.
    Citation
    Birkeland, C., Green, A., Lawrence, A., Coward, G., Vaeoso, M., & Fenner, D. (2021). Different resiliencies in coral communities over ecological and geological time scales in American Samoa. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 673, 55–68. doi:10.3354/meps13792
    Sponsors
    We thank the Government of American Samoa, its Coral Reef Advisory Group, and its Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources for inviting us to conduct the surveys over the past 25 years and handling our logistics. We are grateful to the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Washington, DC, for allowing us to use Alfred Mayor’s illustrations. We thank Mark Nakamura for rawing our diagrams and Cheryl Squair for advising us on CCA. Shreya Yadav and Eric Birkeland provided instruction or assistance with data management. We are very appreciative of the interest and concern of the people of Aua Village for their reef and for their hospitality in letting us resurvey the transect 10 times over the past 47 years.
    Publisher
    Inter-Research Science Center
    Journal
    Marine Ecology Progress Series
    DOI
    10.3354/meps13792
    Additional Links
    https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v673/p55-68/
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3354/meps13792
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)

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