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    Flapping wings in line formation flight: a computational analysis

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Ghommem, Mehdi
    Calo, Victor M. cc
    KAUST Department
    Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
    Earth Science and Engineering Program
    Numerical Porous Media SRI Center (NumPor)
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2014-05
    Online Publication Date
    2016-01-27
    Embargo End Date
    2014-11-01
    Submitted Date
    2013-09-12
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/668154
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    The current understanding of the aerodynamics of birds in formation flights is mostly based on field observations. The interpretation of these observations is usually made using simplified aerodynamic models. Here, we investigate the aerodynamic aspects of formation flights. We use a potential flow solver based on the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) to simulate the flow over flapping wings flying in grouping arrangements and in proximity of each other. UVLM has the capability to capture unsteady effects associated with the wake. We demonstrate the importance of properly capturing these effects to assess aerodynamic performance of flapping wings in formation flight. Simulations show that flying in line formation at adequate spacing enables significant increase in the lift and thrust and reduces power consumption. This is mainly due to the interaction between the trailing birds and the previously-shed wake vorticity from the leading bird. Moreover, enlarging the group of birds flying in formation further improves the aerodynamic performance for each bird in the flock. Therefore, birds get significant benefit of such organised patterns to minimise power consumption while traveling over long distances without stop and feeding. This justifies formation flight as being beneficial for bird evolution without regard to potential social benefits, such as, visual and communication factors for group protection and predator evasion.
    Citation
    Ghommem, M., & Calo, V. M. (2014). Flapping wings in line formation flight: a computational analysis. The Aeronautical Journal, 118(1203), 485–501. doi:10.1017/s0001924000009325
    Publisher
    Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Journal
    The Aeronautical Journal
    DOI
    10.1017/s0001924000009325
    Additional Links
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0001924000009325/type/journal_article
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1017/s0001924000009325
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Earth Science and Engineering Program; Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division

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