A robust machine learning framework to identify signatures for frailty: a nested case-control study in four aging European cohorts

Abstract
Phenotype-specific omic expression patterns in people with frailty could provide invaluable insight into the underlying multi-systemic pathological processes and targets for intervention. Classical approaches to frailty have not considered the potential for different frailty phenotypes. We characterized associations between frailty (with/without disability) and sets of omic factors (genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) plus markers measured in routine geriatric care. This study was a prevalent case control using stored biospecimens (urine, whole blood, cells, plasma, and serum) from 1522 individuals (identified as robust (R), pre-frail (P), or frail (F)] from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging (R=178/P=184/F=109), 3 City Bordeaux (111/269/100), Aging Multidisciplinary Investigation (157/79/54) and InCHIANTI (106/98/77) cohorts. The analysis included over 35,000 omic and routine laboratory variables from robust and frail or pre-frail (with/without disability) individuals using a machine learning framework. We identified three protective biomarkers, vitamin D3 (OR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.68-0.98]), lutein zeaxanthin (OR: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.70-0.97]), and miRNA125b-5p (OR: 0.73, [95% CI: 0.56-0.97]) and one risk biomarker, cardiac troponin T (OR: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.23-1.27]). Excluding individuals with a disability, one protective biomarker was identified, miR125b-5p (OR: 0.85, [95% CI: 0.81-0.88]). Three risks of frailty biomarkers were detected: pro-BNP (OR: 1.47 [95% CI: 1.27-1.7]), cardiac troponin T (OR: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.21-1.38]), and sRAGE (OR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.01-1.57]). Three key frailty biomarkers demonstrated a statistical association with frailty (oxidative stress, vitamin D, and cardiovascular system) with relationship patterns differing depending on the presence or absence of a disability.

Citation
Gomez-Cabrero, D., Walter, S., Abugessaisa, I., Miñambres-Herraiz, R., Palomares, L. B., … Rodriguez-Mañas, L. (2021). A robust machine learning framework to identify signatures for frailty: a nested case-control study in four aging European cohorts. GeroScience. doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00334-0

Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) FRAILOMIC Project (grant number 305483). The Three-City Study was conducted under a partnership agreement between the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Victor Segalen – Bordeaux2 University and the Sanofi-Synthélabo company. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and beginning of the study. The 3C-Study was also sponsored by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, Ministry of Research-INSERM Program Cohortes et collections de données biologiques, the Fondation Plan Alzheimer (FCS 2009-2012), and the Caisse Nationale pour la Solidarité et l’Autonomie. The InCHIANTI study baseline (1998–2000) was supported as a ‘targeted project’ (ICS110.1/RF97.71) by the Italian Ministry of Health and in part by the U.S. National Institute on Aging (Contracts: 263 MD 9164 and 263 MD 821336) and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.Data AvailabilityData will be made freely available

Publisher
Springer Nature

Journal
GeroScience

DOI
10.1007/s11357-021-00334-0

PubMed ID
33599920

Additional Links
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11357-021-00334-0

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