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    Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures

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    Name:
    Khateeb_IJHE_2021_Accepted.pdf
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    1.418Mb
    Format:
    PDF
    Description:
    Accepted manuscript
    Embargo End Date:
    2022-01-01
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Khateeb, Abdulrahman A. cc
    Guiberti, Thibault
    Wang, Guoqing cc
    Boyette, Wesley cc
    Younes, Mourad cc
    Jamal, Aqil
    Roberts, William L. cc
    KAUST Department
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CCRC, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
    Clean Combustion Research Center
    Mechanical Engineering Program
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    KAUST Grant Number
    BAS/1/1370-01-01
    Date
    2021-01
    Embargo End Date
    2022-01-01
    Submitted Date
    2020-11-10
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/667440
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    This study reports measurements of stability limits and exhaust NO mole fractions of technically-premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with either methane or hydrogen. Experiments were conducted at different pressures from atmospheric to 5 bar, representative of commercial micro gas turbines. The full range of ammonia fractions in the fuel blend, xNH3, was considered, from 0 (pure methane or hydrogen) to 1 (pure ammonia), covering very lean (φ = 0.25) to rich (φ = 1.60) equivalence ratios. Results show that increasing pressure widens the range of stable equivalence ratios for pure ammonia-air flames. Regardless of pressure, there is a critical ammonia fraction above which the range of stable equivalence ratios suddenly widens. This is because flashback does not occur anymore when the equivalence ratio is progressively increased towards stoichiometric and rich blowout occurs instead. This critical ammonia fraction increases with pressure and is larger for ammonia-hydrogen than for ammonia-methane. Provided that enough hydrogen is blended with ammonia (xNH3 < 0.9), flames with very lean equivalence ratios (φ < 0.7) can be stabilized and these yield competitively low NO emissions (<200 ppm), regardless of pressure. For this reason, very lean swirl ammonia-hydrogen-air flames are promising candidates for micro gas turbines. However, N2O emissions have the potential to be unacceptably large for these operating conditions if heat loss is too large or residence time is too short. As a consequence, the post flame region must be considered carefully. Due to the lower reactivity of methane compared to that of hydrogen, very lean swirl ammonia-methane-air flames could not be stabilized and good NO performance is limited to rich equivalence ratios for ammonia-methane fuel blends. The equivalence ratio above which good NO performance depends on pressure and bulk velocity.
    Citation
    Khateeb, A. A., Guiberti, T. F., Wang, G., Boyette, W. R., Younes, M., Jamal, A., & Roberts, W. L. (2021). Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.036
    Sponsors
    Thanks to Saudi Aramco research and development center for funding this project under research agreement number RGC/3/3837-01-01 and to the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) under grant number BAS/1/1370-01-01.
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
    DOI
    10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.036
    Additional Links
    https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S036031992100094X
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.036
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Mechanical Engineering Program; Clean Combustion Research Center

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