LC–MS-Based Profiling Provides New Insights into Apocarotenoid Biosynthesis and Modifications in Citrus Fruits
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Zheng et al., 2021 JAFC Manuscript.pdf
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ArticleKAUST Department
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) DivisionPlant Science
Desert Agriculture Initiative
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2021-02-05Embargo End Date
2022-02-05Permanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/667307
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Apocarotenoids contribute to fruit color and aroma, which are critical quality and marketability attributes. Previously, we reported that the red peels of citrus fruits, which are characterized by higher expression levels of a <i>carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase</i> 4<i>b</i> (<i>CitCCD</i>4<i>b</i>) gene, accumulate higher levels of β-citraurin and β-citraurinene than yellow peels. Here, we identified and quantified 12 apocarotenoids, either volatile or nonvolatile, in citrus peel using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that red peels contain also dramatically higher amounts of β-apo-8'-carotenal, crocetin dialdehyde known from saffron, β-citraurol, β-cyclocitral, and 3-OH-β-cyclocitral and up to about 17-fold higher levels of 3-OH-β-cyclocitral glucoside (picrocrocin isomer). The content of these apocarotenoids was also significantly increased in different <i>CitCCD</i>4<i>b</i>-overexpressing transgenic callus lines, compared with corresponding controls. Transient expression of <i>CitCCD</i>4<i>b</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves resulted in a striking increase in the 3-OH-β-cyclocitral level and the accumulation of picrocrocin. Thus, our work reinforces the specific function of CitCCD4b in producing C<sub>10</sub> apocarotenoid volatiles and C<sub>30</sub> pigments in citrus peel and uncovers its involvement in the biosynthesis of picrocrocin, C<sub>20</sub> dialdehyde, and C<sub>30</sub> alcohol apocarotenoids, suggesting the potential of this enzyme in metabolic engineering of apocarotenoids and their derivatives.Citation
Zheng, X., Mi, J., Deng, X., & Al-Babili, S. (2021). LC–MS-Based Profiling Provides New Insights into Apocarotenoid Biosynthesis and Modifications in Citrus Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893Sponsors
This work was supported by baseline funding to S.A.-B. from King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST). The authors acknowledge the financial funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31930095, 31630065) to support X.D. of Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU). The authors greatly appreciate Qitong Feng for his excellent technical assistance and Dr. Hendrik N.J. Kuijer, and Dr. Yagiz Alagoz for valuable commentsPublisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)PubMed ID
33543938Additional Links
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893
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