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    LC–MS-Based Profiling Provides New Insights into Apocarotenoid Biosynthesis and Modifications in Citrus Fruits

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    Zheng et al., 2021 JAFC Manuscript.pdf
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    1.833Mb
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    Description:
    Accepted Manuscript
    Embargo End Date:
    2022-02-05
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Zheng, Xiongjie cc
    Mi, Jianing cc
    Deng, Xiuxin cc
    Al-Babili, Salim cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Plant Science
    Desert Agriculture Initiative
    Date
    2021-02-05
    Embargo End Date
    2022-02-05
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/667307
    
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    Abstract
    Apocarotenoids contribute to fruit color and aroma, which are critical quality and marketability attributes. Previously, we reported that the red peels of citrus fruits, which are characterized by higher expression levels of a <i>carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase</i> 4<i>b</i> (<i>CitCCD</i>4<i>b</i>) gene, accumulate higher levels of β-citraurin and β-citraurinene than yellow peels. Here, we identified and quantified 12 apocarotenoids, either volatile or nonvolatile, in citrus peel using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that red peels contain also dramatically higher amounts of β-apo-8'-carotenal, crocetin dialdehyde known from saffron, β-citraurol, β-cyclocitral, and 3-OH-β-cyclocitral and up to about 17-fold higher levels of 3-OH-β-cyclocitral glucoside (picrocrocin isomer). The content of these apocarotenoids was also significantly increased in different <i>CitCCD</i>4<i>b</i>-overexpressing transgenic callus lines, compared with corresponding controls. Transient expression of <i>CitCCD</i>4<i>b</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves resulted in a striking increase in the 3-OH-β-cyclocitral level and the accumulation of picrocrocin. Thus, our work reinforces the specific function of CitCCD4b in producing C<sub>10</sub> apocarotenoid volatiles and C<sub>30</sub> pigments in citrus peel and uncovers its involvement in the biosynthesis of picrocrocin, C<sub>20</sub> dialdehyde, and C<sub>30</sub> alcohol apocarotenoids, suggesting the potential of this enzyme in metabolic engineering of apocarotenoids and their derivatives.
    Citation
    Zheng, X., Mi, J., Deng, X., & Al-Babili, S. (2021). LC–MS-Based Profiling Provides New Insights into Apocarotenoid Biosynthesis and Modifications in Citrus Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893
    Sponsors
    This work was supported by baseline funding to S.A.-B. from King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST). The authors acknowledge the financial funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31930095, 31630065) to support X.D. of Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU). The authors greatly appreciate Qitong Feng for his excellent technical assistance and Dr. Hendrik N.J. Kuijer, and Dr. Yagiz Alagoz for valuable comments
    Publisher
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Journal
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
    DOI
    10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893
    PubMed ID
    33543938
    Additional Links
    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06893
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Desert Agriculture Initiative

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