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    Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Sampaio, Eduardo cc
    Santos, Catarina cc
    Rosa, Inês C.
    Ferreira, Verónica
    Pörtner, Hans-Otto cc
    Duarte, Carlos M. cc
    Levin, Lisa A. cc
    Rosa, Rui cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2021-01-11
    Online Publication Date
    2021-01-11
    Print Publication Date
    2021-03
    Embargo End Date
    2021-07-11
    Submitted Date
    2020-02-12
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666876
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss. While most experimental research has targeted the first two stressors, the last remains comparatively neglected. Here, we implemented sequential hierarchical mixed-model meta-analyses (721 control–treatment comparisons) to compare the impacts of oxygen conditions associated with the current and continuously intensifying hypoxic events (1–3.5 O2 mg l−1) with those experimentally yielded by ocean warming (+4 °C) and acidification (−0.4 units) conditions on the basis of IPCC projections (RCP 8.5) for 2100. In contrast to warming and acidification, hypoxic events elicited consistent negative effects relative to control biological performance—survival (–33%), abundance (–65%), development (–51%), metabolism (–33%), growth (–24%) and reproduction (–39%)—across the taxonomic groups (mollusks, crustaceans and fish), ontogenetic stages and climate regions studied. Our findings call for a refocus of global change experimental studies, integrating oxygen concentration drivers as a key factor of ocean change. Given potential combined effects, multistressor designs including gradual and extreme changes are further warranted to fully disclose the future impacts of ocean oxygen loss, warming and acidification.
    Citation
    Sampaio, E., Santos, C., Rosa, I. C., Ferreira, V., Pörtner, H.-O., Duarte, C. M., … Rosa, R. (2021). Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification. Nature Ecology & Evolution. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3
    Sponsors
    This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project granted to MARE strategic project (UID/MAR/04292/2019), the PhD grants attributed to E.S. (SFRH/BD/131771/2017), C.S. (SRFH/SFRH/BD/117890/2016) and V.F. (CEECIND/02484/2018), financed by national and community funds from FCT and the European Social Fund (ESF), through the Human Capital Operating Programme and Regional Operation Programme (Lisboa 2020). Furthermore, we acknowledge the DFG Centre of Excellence 2117 ‘Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour’ (ID: 422037984), L.A.L. was supported by NSF OCE1829623 and NOAA CHRP award NA18NOS4780172, and H.-O.P. was supported by PACES programme of the AWI and the DFG (German Research Council Po 278 16-1 and -2) Research group Tersane.
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Nature Ecology & Evolution
    DOI
    10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3
    Additional Links
    http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-01370-3
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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