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    Shales: Comprehensive Laboratory Characterization

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    Name:
    Final Dissertation Manuscript - GRAMAJO SILVA, Eduardo.pdf
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    94.38Mb
    Format:
    PDF
    Embargo End Date:
    2021-12-20
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    Type
    Dissertation
    Authors
    Gramajo, Eduardo cc
    Advisors
    Santamarina, Carlos cc
    Committee members
    Vahrenkamp, Volker C.
    Mai, Paul Martin cc
    Frost, David
    Finkbeiner, Thomas
    Program
    Energy Resources and Petroleum Engineering
    KAUST Department
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2020-12
    Embargo End Date
    2021-12-20
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666480
    
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    Access Restrictions
    At the time of archiving, the student author of this dissertation opted to temporarily restrict access to it. The full text of this dissertation will become available to the public after the expiration of the embargo on 2021-12-20.
    Abstract
    Unconventional formations have become an increasingly important source of energy resources. Proper rock mechanic characterization is needed not only to identify the most promising areas for stimulation, but to increase our understanding of the sealing capabilities of cap-rock formations for carbon geological storage. However, shale assessment is challenging with current standard techniques. This research explores the index and rock mechanic properties of different shale specimens considered as source rocks for oil and gas (Eagle Ford, Wolfcamp, Jordanian, Mancos, Bakken, and Kimmeridge), and presents an in-depth analysis of tools and protocols to identify inherent biases. New test protocols proposed in this thesis provide robust and cost-effective measurement techniques to characterize shale formations in general; these include: 1) new energy methods computed from the area under the stress-strain curve or proposed boundary asymptotes (strength and stiffness) to assess brittle/ductile conditions in the field, 2) tensile strength analyses to determine anisotropy in shale formations, 3) Coda wave analysis to monitor pre-failure damage evolution during compression, and 4) a combination of index tests to anticipate the complicated geology or layered characteristics, which include high-resolution imaging, hardness, and scratch tests. Experimental results combined with extensive databases provide unprecedented information related to the mechanical behavior of shale formations needed for the enhanced design and analysis of geo-engineering applications. Calcareous shales display strong interlayer bonding and lower compressive strength anisotropy than siliceous shales. Tensile strength anisotropy is more pronounced than in compressive strength and reflects bedding orientation and loading conditions that affect fracture propagation and ensuing failure surface topography.
    Citation
    Gramajo, E. (2020). Shales: Comprehensive Laboratory Characterization. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-8T3I7
    DOI
    10.25781/KAUST-8T3I7
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.25781/KAUST-8T3I7
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Energy Resources and Petroleum Engineering Program; Dissertations; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division

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