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    Stability Limits and Exhaust Emissions from Ammonia Flames in a Swirl Combustor at Elevated Pressures

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    Name:
    PhD dissertation_Abdulrahman khateeb_2020_Final.pdf
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    3.951Mb
    Format:
    PDF
    Description:
    Thesis Alkhateeb
    Embargo End Date:
    2021-11-30
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    Type
    Dissertation
    Authors
    Khateeb, Abdulrahman A. cc
    Advisors
    Roberts, William L. cc
    Committee members
    Lacoste, Deanna cc
    Ruiz-Martinez, Javier cc
    de Joannon, Mara
    Program
    Mechanical Engineering
    KAUST Department
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2020-11
    Embargo End Date
    2021-11-30
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666164
    
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    Access Restrictions
    At the time of archiving, the student author of this dissertation opted to temporarily restrict access to it. The full text of this dissertation will become available to the public after the expiration of the embargo on 2021-11-30.
    Abstract
    Intimate knowledge of ammonia fueling gas turbines is of crucial importance for power generation sectors, owing to its carbon-free nature and high hydrogen capacity. Anticipated challenges include, among others, the difficulty to stabilize ammonia flames and on top of that the propensity of ammonia flames to produce large quantities of nitrogen monoxide emissions. In gas turbine devices, combustion in practice occurs in a turbulent swirl flow and at elevated pressure conditions. The stability of ammonia flames and the production of NO emissions are sensitive to such parameters. This body of work focuses on the development of a swirl combustor, ~30kW thermal power, for investigating behaviors of flame stability limits and NO emissions from the combustion of ammonia fuel with mixtures of hydrogen or methane at pressure conditions up to 5 bar. Data show that increasing the ammonia addition increases the equivalence ratio at the lean blowout limit but also reduces the flames’ propensity to flashback. If the volume fraction of ammonia in the fuel blend exceeds a critical value, increasing the equivalence ratio at a fixed bulk velocity does not yield flashback and rich blow-out occurs instead. This significantly widens the range of equivalence ratios yielding stable ammonia flames. Regardless of the fuel blend, increasing the pressure increases the propensity to flashback if the bulk velocity remains constant. Pure ammonia-air flames are stable under elevated pressures, and the stable range of equivalence ratio becomes wider as the pressure increases. The NO emissions are measured for large ranges of equivalence ratios, ammonia fractions, and pressures. Regardless of the ammonia fraction, data show that competitively low NO emissions can be found for slightly rich equivalence ratios. Good NO performance is also found for very lean ammonia-hydrogen-air mixtures, regardless of the pressure. NO mole fractions for lean ammonia mixtures can be reduced as pressure increases, demonstrating the strong potential of fueling gas turbines with ammonia-hydrogen mixtures.
    Citation
    Khateeb, A. A. (2020). Stability Limits and Exhaust Emissions from Ammonia Flames in a Swirl Combustor at Elevated Pressures. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-VUS42
    DOI
    10.25781/KAUST-VUS42
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.25781/KAUST-VUS42
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Dissertations; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Mechanical Engineering Program

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