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    A single neuron subset governs a single coactive neuron circuit in Hydra vulgaris , representing a prototypic feature of neural evolution

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    Description:
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    Type
    Preprint
    Authors
    Noro, Yukihiko cc
    Shimizu, Hiroshi cc
    Mineta, Katsuhiko cc
    Gojobori, Takashi cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)
    Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
    Bioscience Program
    Date
    2020-11-23
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666101
    
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    Abstract
    The last common ancestor of Bilateria and Cnidaria is believed to be one of the first animals to develop a nervous system over 500 million years ago. Many of the genes involved in the neural function of the advanced nervous system in Bilateria are well conserved in Cnidaria. Thus, Cnidarian representative species, Hydra, is considered to be a living fossil and a good model organism for the study of the putative primitive nervous system in its last common ancestor. The diffuse nervous system of Hydra consists of several peptidergic neuron subsets. However, the specific functions of these subsets remain unclear. Using calcium imaging, here we show that the neuron subsets that express neuropeptide, Hym-176 function as motor neurons to evoke longitudinal contraction. We found that all neurons in a subset defined by the Hym-176 gene (Hym-176A) or its paralogs (Hym-176B) expression are excited simultaneously, which is then followed by longitudinal contraction. This indicates not only that these neuron subsets are motor neurons but also that a single molecularly defined neuron subset forms a single coactive motor circuit. This is in contrast with the Bilaterian nervous system, where a single molecularly defined neuron subset harbors multiple coactive circuits, showing a mixture of neurons firing with different timings. Furthermore, we found that the two motor circuits, one expressing Hym-176B in the body column and the other expressing Hym-176A in the foot, are coordinately regulated to exert region-specific contraction. Our results demonstrate that one neuron subset is likely to form a monofunctional circuit as a minimum functional unit to build a more complex behavior in Hydra. We propose that this simple feature (one subset, one circuit, one function) found in Hydra is a fundamental trait of the primitive nervous system.
    Citation
    Noro, Y., Shimizu, H., Mineta, K., & Gojobori, T. (2020). A single neuron subset governs a single coactive neuron circuit in Hydra vulgaris , representing a prototypic feature of neural evolution. doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.392985
    Publisher
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    DOI
    10.1101/2020.11.22.392985
    Additional Links
    http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.11.22.392985
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1101/2020.11.22.392985
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Preprints; Bioscience Program; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC); Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division

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