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    Efficiency and selectivity of ionic liquids in microwave-assisted extraction of major lichen phenolic compounds: a scalable process with recycling of ionic liquids.

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Komaty, Sarah cc
    Sauvager, Aurélie
    Bazureau, Jean-Pierre cc
    Tomasi, Sophie cc
    Paquin, Ludovic
    KAUST Department
    KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
    Date
    2020-11-04
    Online Publication Date
    2020-11-04
    Print Publication Date
    2021-07
    Embargo End Date
    2021-11-05
    Submitted Date
    2020-07-03
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665865
    
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    Abstract
    INTRODUCTION:Pseudevernia furfuracea, a lichen used classically for cosmetic applications, contains interesting metabolites possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES:Ionic liquid combined to microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) was successfully applied for metabolites extraction from Pseudevernia furfuracea. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Three imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs): 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulphate [C1 C1 Im][MeSO4 ], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate [C2 C1 Im][EtSO4 ], and N-ethylpyridinium ethylsulphate [C2 Py][EtSO4 ] were assessed for this process. The efficiency of the extraction method was evaluated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled to a Camag® spectrophotodensitometer and using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. RESULTS:ILs under MAE showed extraction time efficiency (15 min vs. 24 h for conventional heating) and high selectivity in extracting the targeted metabolites: atranorin (AT), methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate (MOC), fumarprotocetraric acid (Fum. Ac.), and physodic acid (Phys. Ac.) despite the increased degradation of AT under MAE. We showed a tunable selectivity of ILs towards extracting metabolites by changing anion or cation due to the modification of the interaction between the IL and the metabolites. While [C2 Py][EtSO4 ] was the most efficient IL and could extract all the targeted metabolites, [C2 C1 Im][EtSO4 ] was the most selective. It fully extracted AT and partially Fum. Ac. Moreover, the lichen prepared by mixing procedure provided AT and Fum. Ac. more than the milled one. A 100 times scale-up extraction was successfully performed on mixed samples with full IL recycling after back extraction. CONCLUSION:IL-MAE is reliable for lichen metabolites extraction. The method is reproducible, scalable, with possible IL recycling, opening the door for potential industrial applications.
    Citation
    Komaty, S., Sauvager, A., Bazureau, J., Tomasi, S., & Paquin, L. (2020). Efficiency and selectivity of ionic liquids in microwave-assisted extraction of major lichen phenolic compounds: a scalable process with recycling of ionic liquids. Phytochemical Analysis. doi:10.1002/pca.3008
    Sponsors
    This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
    Special thanks to J. M Bessiere, PNSM, Montpellier for providing thelichen specimen.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Phytochemical Analysis
    DOI
    10.1002/pca.3008
    PubMed ID
    33150689
    Additional Links
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.3008
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/pca.3008
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