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    High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral- and algae-dominated reef communities

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    ecy.3226.pdf
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    Description:
    Accepted Article
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Roth, Florian cc
    Rädecker, Nils cc
    Carvalho, Susana cc
    Duarte, Carlos M. cc
    Saderne, Vincent
    Anton Gamazo, Andrea cc
    Silva, Luis
    Calleja Cortes, Maria de Lluch
    Moran, Xose Anxelu G. cc
    Voolstra, Christian R. cc
    Kürten, Benjamin cc
    Jones, Burton cc
    Wild, Christian
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Microbial oceanography Research Group
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Reef Genomics Lab
    Date
    2020-12-27
    Online Publication Date
    2020-12-27
    Print Publication Date
    2021-02
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665606
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Shifts from coral to algal dominance are expected to increase in tropical coral reefs as a result of anthropogenic disturbances. The consequences for key ecosystem functions such as primary productivity, calcification, and nutrient recycling are poorly understood, particularly under changing environmental conditions. We used a novel in situ incubation approach to compare functions of coral- and algae-dominated communities in the central Red Sea bi-monthly over an entire year. In situ gross and net community primary productivity, calcification, dissolved organic carbon fluxes, dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes, and their respective activation energies were quantified to describe the effects of seasonal changes. Overall, coral-dominated communities exhibited 30% lower net productivity and 10 times higher calcification than algae-dominated communities. Estimated activation energies indicated a higher thermal sensitivity of coral-dominated communities. In these communities, net productivity and calcification were negatively correlated with temperature (>40% and >65% reduction, respectively, with +5°C increase from winter to summer), while carbon losses via respiration and dissolved organic carbon release were more than doubled at higher temperatures. In contrast, algae-dominated communities doubled net productivity in summer, while calcification and dissolved organic carbon fluxes were unaffected. These results suggest pronounced changes in community functioning associated with phase shifts. Algae-dominated communities may outcompete coral-dominated communities due to their higher productivity and carbon retention to support fast biomass accumulation while compromising the formation of important reef framework structures. Higher temperatures likely amplify these functional differences, indicating a high vulnerability of ecosystem functions of coral-dominated communities to temperatures even below coral bleaching thresholds. Our results suggest that ocean warming may not only cause but also amplify coral-algal phase shifts in coral reefs.
    Citation
    Roth, F., Rädecker, N., Carvalho, S., Duarte, C. M., Saderne, V., Anton, A., … Wild, C. (2020). High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral- and algae-dominated reef communities. Ecology. doi:10.1002/ecy.3226
    Sponsors
    We are grateful to the personnel from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Coastal and Marine Resources Core (CMOR) Laboratory for logistical support. The authors would also like to acknowledge Rodrigo Villalobos and João Cúrdia who helped during fieldwork. Figure 5 was produced by Xavier Pita, scientific illustrator at KAUST. We would liketo thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful suggestions and comments. The research was supported by KAUST baseline funding to BHJ and by grant Wi 2677/9-1 from the German Research Foundation (DFG) to CW. Author contributions:FR, CW and SC conceptualized and designed research. FR, LS, MLC, and VS performed research. FR, NR, VS, AA, LS, BK, and MLC analyzed data. CMD, XAGM, CRV, and BHJ contributed to research materials, logistics and to interpreting data. FR wrote original draft of the manuscript with support by CW. All authors read and approved the final manuscript
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Ecology
    DOI
    10.1002/ecy.3226
    10.1002/bes2.1822
    Additional Links
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.3226
    Relations
    Is Supplemented By:
    • [Dataset]
      Roth, F., Rädecker, N., Carvalho, S., Duarte, C. M., Saderne, V., Anton, A., Silva, L., Calleja, M., Voolstra, C. R., Kürten, B., Jones, B., & Wild, C. (2020). Data for: "High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral- and algae-dominated reef communities" [Data set]. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-D41Q0. DOI: 10.25781/KAUST-D41Q0 Handle: 10754/664852
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/ecy.3226
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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