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    Ion-Exchange Materials for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

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    MCDI Review.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    McNair, Robert
    Szekely, Gyorgy cc
    Dryfe, Robert A. W.
    KAUST Department
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Chemical Engineering Program
    Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Research Center
    Date
    2020-10-14
    Online Publication Date
    2020-10-14
    Print Publication Date
    2021-02-12
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665591
    
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    Abstract
    The scarcity of clean water is a problem affecting large parts of the world. In fact, the World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2019) estimates that up to 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water services. To address this, desalination techniques such as reverse osmosis, flash distillation, and electrodialysis have been utilized to convert the plentiful amounts of salt water into consumable water supplies for the general population. In the past 15 years, membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has emerged as an alternative desalination technique that has since received extensive research attention. MCDI has sought to challenge benchmark methods such as reverse osmosis, removing salt by application of a voltage between two electrodes covered with ion-exchange membranes, all under ambient conditions. The incorporation of ion-exchange materials over electrodes in MCDI has been shown to maximize the desalination performance in terms of salt removal and energy efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the developments relating to ion-exchange materials in MCDI. The fabrication and characterization methods of the materials have been outlined and compared with those of commercially available ion-exchange membranes where possible. A critical comparison of the ion-exchange materials has been conducted, and the commercial viability of the technologies has been evaluated. In light of the findings of the review, the authors have indicated future directions and action points the field should look to address in the coming years. It is hoped that the findings of this review can contribute to the large-scale commercialization and application of MCDI, which can improve aspects of water treatment and quality, contaminant removal, and sanitation on a global scale.
    Citation
    McNair, R., Szekely, G., & Dryfe, R. A. W. (2020). Ion-Exchange Materials for Membrane Capacitive Deionization. ACS ES&T Water. doi:10.1021/acsestwater.0c00123
    Sponsors
    The authors acknowledge the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant EP/L01548X/1 for funding R.M.’s doctoral studies through the University of Manchester’s Graphene NOWNANO CDT account. The research reported in this publication was supported by funding from KAUST.
    Publisher
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Journal
    ACS ES&T Water
    DOI
    10.1021/acsestwater.0c00123
    Additional Links
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.0c00123
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1021/acsestwater.0c00123
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Research Center; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Chemical Engineering Program

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