Eulerian and Lagrangian Comparison of Primary and Secondary Wind Jets in the Tokar Gap Region
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PreprintDate
2020-10-01Permanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665462
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The Lagrangian and Eulerian structure and dynamics of a strong wind event in the Tokar Gap region are described using a WRF model hindcast for 2008. Winds in the Tokar Gap reach 25 m s-1 and remain coherent as a jet far out over the Red Sea, whereas equally strong wind jets occurring in neighboring gaps are attenuated abruptly by a jump-like hydraulic transition that occur just offshore of the Sudan coast. The transition is made possible by the supercritical nature of the jets, which are fed by air that spills down from passes at relatively high elevation. By contrast, the spilling flow in the ravine-like Tokar Gap does not become substantially supercritical and therefore does not undergo a jump, and also carries more total horizontal momentum. The Tokar Wind Jet carries some air parcels across the Red Sea and into Saudi Arabia, whereas air parcel trajectories in the neighboring jets ascend as they cross through the jumps, then veer sharply to the southeast and do not cross the Red Sea. The mountain parameter Nh/U is estimated to lie in the rage 1.0-4.0 for the general region, a result roughly consistent with a primary gap jet having a long extension, and supercritical jets spilling down from higher elevation passes. The strong event is marked by the formation of a cyclonic cell near the upstream entrance to the Tokar Gap, a feature absent from the more moderate events that occur throughout the summer. The cell contains descending air parcels that are fed into the primary and secondary jets. An analysis of the Bernoulli function along air parcel trajectories reveals an approximate balance between the loss of potential energy and gain of internal energy and pressure, with surprisingly little contribution from kinetic energy, along the path of the descending flow. All jets attain the critical wind speed nominally required to loft dust into the atmosphere, though only the Tokar Gap has a broad, delta region with plentiful deposits of silt.Citation
Pratt, L., Albright, E. J., Rypina, I., & Jiang, H. (2020). Eulerian and Lagrangian Comparison of Primary and Secondary Wind Jets in the Tokar Gap Region. doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0738.v1Sponsors
This study is part of a joint research project by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and was funded by KAUST. Support for Albright was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant (OCE-0525729). The authors are grateful to Mr. Stephen Maldonado, who assisted with the estimates of the mountain parameter, and to Shannon Davis for some helpful comments.Publisher
MDPI AGAdditional Links
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202009.0738/v1ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.20944/preprints202009.0738.v1