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    Mobilizing Crop Biodiversity.

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    Name:
    MM_mobilizing crop biodiversity.pdf
    Size:
    1.024Mb
    Format:
    PDF
    Description:
    Accepted manuscript
    Embargo End Date:
    2021-08-25
    Download
    Type
    Article
    Authors
    McCouch, Susan
    Navabi, Katy
    Abberton, Michael
    Anglin, Noelle L
    Barbieri, Rosa Lia
    Baum, Michael
    Bett, Kirsten
    Booker, Helen
    Brown, Gerald L
    Bryan, Glenn J
    Cattivelli, Luigi
    Charest, David
    Eversole, Kellye
    Freitas, Marcelo
    Ghamkhar, Kioumars
    Grattapaglia, Dario
    Henry, Robert
    Valadares Inglis, Maria Cleria
    Islam, Tofazzal
    Kehel, Zakaria
    Kersey, Paul J
    Kresovich, Stephen
    Marden, Emily
    Mayes, Sean
    Ndjiondjop, Marie Noelle
    Nguyen, Henry T
    Paiva, Samuel
    Papa, Roberto
    Phillips, Peter W B
    Rasheed, Awais
    Richards, Christopher
    Rouard, Mathieu
    Amstalden Sampaio, Maria Jose
    Scholz, Uwe
    Shaw, Paul D
    Sherman, Brad
    Staton, S Evan
    Stein, Nils
    Svensson, Jan
    Tester, Mark A. cc
    Montenegro Valls, Jose Francisco
    Varshney, Rajeev
    Visscher, Stephen
    von Wettberg, Eric
    Waugh, Robbie
    Wenzl, Peter W B
    Rieseberg, Loren H
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Desert Agriculture Initiative
    Plant Science
    The Salt Lab
    Date
    2020-08-21
    Online Publication Date
    2020-08-21
    Print Publication Date
    2020-10
    Embargo End Date
    2021-08-25
    Submitted Date
    2020-08-18
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/664857
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Over the past 70 years, the world has witnessed extraordinary growth in crop productivity, enabled by a suite of technological advances, including higher yielding crop varieties, improved farm management, synthetic agrochemicals, and agricultural mechanization. While this “Green Revolution” intensified crop production, and is credited with reducing famine and malnutrition, its benefits were accompanied by several undesirable collateral effects (Pingali, 2012). These include a narrowing of agricultural biodiversity, stemming from increased monoculture and greater reliance on a smaller number of crops and crop varieties for the majority of our calories. This reduction in diversity has created vulnerabilities to pest and disease epidemics, climate variation, and ultimately to human health (Harlan, 1972). The value of crop diversity has long been recognized (Vavilov, 1992). A global system of genebanks (e.g. www.genebanks.org/genebanks/) was established in the 1970s to preserve the abundant genetic variation found in traditional “landrace” varieties of crops and in crop wild relatives (Harlan, 1972). While preserving crop variation is a critical first step, the time has come to make use of this variation to breed more resilient crops. The DivSeek International Network (https://divseekintl.org/) is a scientific, not-for- profit organization that aims to accelerate such efforts. Crop diversity: value, barriers to use, and mitigation strategies There are >1750 national and international genebanks worldwide. They house ~7 million crop germplasm accessions ( http://www.fao.org/3/i1500e/i1500e00.htm), including samples of diverse natural populations, with many more managed in situ. These accessions arguably represent one of humanity’s greatest treasures, as they contain genetic variation that can be harnessed to create better tasting, higher yielding, disease/pest resistant, and climate resilient cultivars that require fewer agricultural inputs (Figure 1). Unfortunately, most genebank accessions are poorly characterized, and few have been utilized in breeding. Yet when a serious effort has been made to search genebanks for traits of interest, the effort has been highly rewarded. Examples include the discovery of a submergence-tolerant landrace used to breed new, high-yielding, submergence-tolerant rice varieties currently grown on tens of millions of acres (Mackill et al., 2012) and durable resistance to late blight, a devastating pathogen of potato, derived from a wild relative (Bernal-Galeano, 2020). Given the high value of the genetic diversity found in crop wild relatives and traditional landraces, why are these genetic resources not more widely employed in breeding programs? One reason for the limited use of genebank holdings is the paucity of information about them, which increases the time, expense, and risk associated with mining genebank diversity. To address this Journal Pre-proof
    Citation
    McCouch, S., Navabi, K., Abberton, M., Anglin, N. L., Barbieri, R. L., Baum, M., … Rieseberg, L. H. (2020). Mobilizing Crop Biodiversity. Molecular Plant. doi:10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.011
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Molecular plant
    DOI
    10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.011
    PubMed ID
    32835887
    Additional Links
    https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1674205220302677
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.011
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Desert Agriculture Initiative

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