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    In situ eutrophication stimulates dinitrogen fixation, denitrification, and productivity in Red Sea coral reefs

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    Embargo End Date:
    2025-04-30
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    El-Khaled, Yusuf C.
    Roth, Florian cc
    Tilstra, Arjen
    Radecker, Nils
    Karcher, Denis B.
    Kürten, Benjamin cc
    Jones, Burton cc
    Voolstra, Christian R. cc
    Wild, Christian
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Reef Genomics Lab
    Date
    2020-04-30
    Online Publication Date
    2020-04-30
    Print Publication Date
    2020-07-09
    Embargo End Date
    2025-04-30
    Submitted Date
    2020-01-24
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/664520
    
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    Abstract
    Eutrophication (i.e. the increase of [in-]organic nutrients) may affect the functioning of coral reefs, but knowledge about the effects on nitrogen (N) cycling and its relationship to productivity within benthic reef communities is scarce. Thus, we investigated how in situ manipulated eutrophication impacted productivity along with 2 counteracting N-cycling pathways (dinitrogen [N2]-fixation, denitrification), using a combined acetylene assay. We hypothesised that N2-fixation would decrease and denitrification increase in response to eutrophication. N fluxes and productivity (measured as dark and light oxygen fluxes assessed in incubation experiments) were determined for 3 dominant coral reef functional groups (reef sediments, turf algae, and the scleractinian coral Pocillopora verrucosa) after 8 wk of in situ nutrient enrichment in the central Red Sea. Using slow-release fertiliser, we increased the dissolved inorganic N concentration by up to 7-fold compared to am bient concentrations. Experimental nutrient enrichment stimulated both N2-fixation and denitrification across all functional groups 2-to 7-fold and 2-to 4-fold, respectively. Productivity doubled in reef sediments and remained stable for turf algae and P. verrucosa. Our data therefore suggest that (1) turf algae are major N2-fixers in coral reefs, while denitrification is widespread among all investigated groups; (2) surprisingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, both N2-fixation and denitrification are involved in the response to moderate N eutrophication, and (3) stimulated N2-fixation and denitrification are not directly influenced by productivity. Our findings underline the importance and ubiquity of microbial N cycling in (Red Sea) coral reefs along with its sensitivity to eutrophication.
    Citation
    El-Khaled, Y., Roth, F., Tilstra, A., Rädecker, N., Karcher, D., Kürten, B., … Wild, C. (2020). In situ eutrophication stimulates dinitrogen fixation, denitrification, and productivity in Red Sea coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 645, 55–66. doi:10.3354/meps13352
    Sponsors
    This work was funded by the German Research Association (DFG Project: Wi 2677/9-1) to C.W. and KAUST baseline funding to B.H.J. and C.R.V. We are thankful to Rüdiger Willhaus for his expertise in graph visualisation, and to Najeh Kharbatia for technical support.
    Publisher
    Inter-Research Science Center
    Journal
    Marine Ecology Progress Series
    DOI
    10.3354/meps13352
    Additional Links
    https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v645/p55-66/
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3354/meps13352
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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