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    Investigating the Role of Lactate in Regulating Gene Expression through Epigenetic Modifications in Neuronal Cells

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    Name:
    PhD Dissertation_Manar Darwish_Summer 2020.pdf
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    13.69Mb
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    PDF
    Description:
    PhD Dissertation
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    Type
    Dissertation
    Authors
    Darwish, Manar M. cc
    Advisors
    Magistretti, Pierre J. cc
    Committee members
    Merzaban, Jasmeen cc
    Aranda, Manuel cc
    Gräff, Johannes
    Fiumelli, Hubert
    Program
    Bioscience
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2019-11
    Embargo End Date
    2021-06-14
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/663537
    
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    Access Restrictions
    At the time of archiving, the student author of this dissertation opted to temporarily restrict access to it. The full text of this dissertation became available to the public after the expiration of the embargo on 2021-06-14.
    Abstract
    Lactate has been long thought of as a dead-end waste product of glycolysis. In the brain, recent evidence has revealed a key role of L-lactate creating a paradigm-shift in our understanding of the neuronal energy metabolism. The Astrocyte neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model, has shown L-Lactate as the main energy substrate delivered by astrocytes to neurons to sustain neuronal oxidative metabolism. This metabolic coupling is an essential mechanism for long-term memory formation. Experimental evidence indicates that the role of lactate in cognitive function is not limited to being a neuronal metabolic substrate, but rather it is also an important signaling molecule for synaptic plasticity. One of the new emerging roles of lactate is its effect on gene expression levels; however, our current understanding of the mechanism of lactate effect on gene expression is rudimentary. Here, I investigate the role of lactate as an epigenetic modulator in neuronal cultures. First, I explored the effect of lactate on the transcriptome and methylome of the neuronal cells using primary neuronal cell culture models. Our results reveal a significant role for lactate in inducing neuronal cell differentiation. Following, I characterized a neuroblastoma cell line as our neuronal differentiation cell model and assessed its metabolic features relative to other immortal cell lines. Further, using the cell line in vitro model, I looked into the metabolic reprograming that occurs in parallel with the first indications of differentiation, focusing on lactate production rates. Subsequently, I investigated the role of lactate in differentiation through transcriptomic analysis. We show that lactate induced histone acetylation and promoted expression of dopaminergic markers, with a stronger effect of D-lactate over L-lactate. Further studies to establish potential linkages between those two pathways will enhance our understanding of the effect of lactate.
    Citation
    Darwish, M. M. (2019). Investigating the Role of Lactate in Regulating Gene Expression through Epigenetic Modifications in Neuronal Cells. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-R9451
    DOI
    10.25781/KAUST-R9451
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.25781/KAUST-R9451
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Bioscience Program; PhD Dissertations

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