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    Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor

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    RRRapid and sensitive.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Koklu, Anil
    Giuliani, Jason
    Monton, Carlos
    Beskok, Ali
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2020-05-04
    Online Publication Date
    2020-05-04
    Print Publication Date
    2020-06-02
    Embargo End Date
    2021-05-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662812
    
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    Abstract
    Conventional immunosensors typically rely on passive diffusion dominated transport of analytes for binding reaction and hence, it is limited by low sensitivity and long detection times. We report a simple and efficient impedance sensing method that can be utilized to overcome both sensitivity and diffusion limitations of immunosensors. This method incorporates the structural advantage of nanorod-covered interdigitated electrodes and the microstirring effect of AC electrothermal flow (ACET) with impedance spectroscopy. ACET flow induced by a biased AC electric field can rapidly convect the analyte onto nanorod structured electrodes within a few seconds and enriches the number of binding molecules because of excessive effective surface area. We performed numerical simulations to investigate the effect of ACET flow on the biosensor performance. The results indicated that AC bias to the side electrodes could induce fast convective flow, which facilitates the transport of the target molecules to the binding region located in the middle as a floating electrode. The temperature rise due to the Joule heating effect was measured using a thermoreflectance imaging method to find the optimum device operation conditions. The change of impedance caused by the receptors–target molecules binding at the sample/electrode interface was experimentally measured and quantified in real-time using the impedance spectroscopy technique. We observed that the impedance sensing method exhibited extremely fast response compared with those under no bias conditions. The measured impedance change can reach saturation in a minute. Compared to the conventional incubation method, the ACET flow enhanced method is faster in its reaction time, and the detection limit can be reduced to 1 ng/ml. In this work, we demonstrate that this sensor technology is promising and reliable for rapid, sensitive, and real-time monitoring biomolecules in biologically relevant media such as blood, urine, and saliva.
    Citation
    Koklu, A., Giuliani, J., Monton, C., & Beskok, A. (2020). Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor. Analytical Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00890
    Sponsors
    The authors are grateful to Mr. Assaad El Helou and Dr. Peter E. Raad for their assistance to integrate thermoreflectance method to fluidic systems. We are also thankful to SMU Hunt Institute for their support.
    Publisher
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Journal
    Analytical Chemistry
    DOI
    10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00890
    Additional Links
    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00890
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00890
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division

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