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    Genetics of Salinity Tolerance in Rice

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    Nadia Al Tamimi Dissertation.pdf
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    Description:
    Nadia Al-Tamimi Dissertation
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    Type
    Dissertation
    Authors
    Al Tamimi, Nadia cc
    Advisors
    Tester, Mark A. cc
    Committee members
    Al-Babili, Salim cc
    Gojobori, Takashi cc
    McCouch, Susan
    Program
    Plant Science
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2019-05
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656786
    
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    Abstract
    For more than half of the world’s population, rice (Oryza sativa L.), the most saltsensitive cereal, is a dietary staple. Soil salinity is a major constraint to rice production worldwide. Thus, to feed 9 billion people by 2050, we need to increase rice production while facing the challenges of rapid global environmental changes. To meet some of these challenges, there is a vital requirement to significantly increase rice production in salinized land and improve photosynthetic efficiency. Exposure of plants to soil salinity rapidly reduces their growth and transpiration rates (TRs) due to the ‘osmotic component’ of salt stress (sensu Munns and Tester), which is hypothesized to be related to sensing and signaling mechanisms. Over time, toxic concentrations of Na+ and Cl− accumulate in the cells of the shoot, known as the ‘ionic component’ of salt stress, which causes premature leaf senescence. Both osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are likely to impact yield. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the ionic components of salinity tolerance, little is known about the early responses of plants to salinity stress. In my PhD project, the aim was to analyze naturally occurring variation in salinity tolerance of rice and identify key genes related to higher salinity tolerance using high-throughput phenomics and field trials. I used a forward genetics approach, with two rice diversity panels (indica and aus) and recently published sequencing data (McCouch et al., 2017). Indica and aus were phenotyped under controlled conditions, while the indica diversity panel was also further studied under field conditions for salinity tolerance. I also examined previously unexplored traits associated with salinity tolerance, in particular the effects of salinity on transpiration and transpiration use efficiency. The non-destructive high-throughput experiments conducted under controlled conditions gave insights into the understudied shoot ion-independent component of salinity tolerance. In parallel, the field experiments increased our understanding of the genetic control of further components of salinity tolerance, including the maintenance of yield under saline conditions. Importantly, this project also aimed to improve the current association methods of GWAS by exploring and testing novel Mixed Linear Models. One major benefit of this Ph.D. project was the development of a more holistic approach that recognizes the complexity of the genotype–phenotype interaction. The purpose of my work was to shed more light on the genetic mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice and discover genes associated with traits contributing to higher photosynthetic activity under both controlled and field conditions. This will ultimately lead to further exploration of the genetic diversity present in the PRAY indica panel, in order to develop higher yielding rice varieties.
    Citation
    Al Tamimi, N. (2019). Genetics of Salinity Tolerance in Rice. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-576U7
    DOI
    10.25781/KAUST-576U7
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.25781/KAUST-576U7
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; PhD Dissertations; Plant Science Program

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