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    Coral-Associated Bacterial Community Dynamics in Healthy, Bleached, and Disease States

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    Type
    Dissertation
    Authors
    Hadaidi, Ghaida A. cc
    Advisors
    Voolstra, Christian R. cc
    Committee members
    Daffonchio, Daniele cc
    Saikaly, Pascal cc
    Thurber, Rebecca Vega
    Program
    Bioscience
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2018-11
    Embargo End Date
    2019-12-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/630144
    
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    Access Restrictions
    At the time of archiving, the student author of this dissertation opted to temporarily restrict access to it. The full text of this dissertation became available to the public after the expiration of the embargo on 2019-12-04.
    Abstract
    Coral reefs are the proverbial rainforests of the ocean, but these spectacular structures are under threat from globally rising sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification. The Red Sea and the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) display unusually high sea surface temperatures, and therefore, provide a model for studying environmental change. Corals are so-called holobionts consisting of the coral host, photosynthetic algae (Symbiodiniaceae), along with other microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. While the importance of bacteria to coral holobiont functioning is acknowledged, little is known about changes in the microbial communities under natural environmental stressors in the Red Sea and the PAG. Accordingly, I investigated microbial community and mucus differences in bleached, healthy, and diseased corals. Analysis of the composition of mucus-associated microbial communities of bleached and healthy Porites lobata colonies from the Red Sea and the PAG were stable, although some regional differences were present. In a distinct study investigating coral disease, a broad range of corals in the Red Sea were shown to be infected with black band disease (BBD). Investigating the microbial community associated with BBD revealed the presence of the three main indicators for BBD (cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Last, I investigated the chemical composition (carbohydrates) of the surface mucus layer of a range of Red Sea corals. Given that coral mucus represents a first line of defense, I was interested to examine whether mucus carbohydrate composition would point to a role of adaptation to the extreme environment of the Red Sea. This analysis showed that mucus consists of conserved sugars that are globally conserved. In summary, this thesis characterizes the microbial communities associated with a range of coral species in different health states (bleached, healthy, and diseased). The microbial community patterns I characterized support the notion that bacteria contribute to coral holobiont health and possibly adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in the Red Sea and PAG.
    Citation
    Hadaidi, G. A. (2018). Coral-Associated Bacterial Community Dynamics in Healthy, Bleached, and Disease States. KAUST Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.25781/KAUST-0UN42
    DOI
    10.25781/KAUST-0UN42
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.25781/KAUST-0UN42
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Bioscience Program; Dissertations

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