Indoor Localization Using Three dimensional Multi-PDs Receiver Based on RSS

Abstract

In modern life, there are many applications where positioning plays an important role. People have developed the global positioning system (GPS) to locate world wide position with error in decameter scales, which brings people much convenience. However, the accuracy of GPS is too low for indoor localization. The signals will drop down due to the signal attenuation caused by construction materials. With the well-developed GPS being indispensable for outdoor activities, many researchers have been also devoted to seeking an indoor positioning system to realize indoor localization with acceptable error. Indoor localization can be very useful in different situations, like locating, tracking, navigation and identification. For example, in the mall, locating the exact goods for customers can provide much convenience and benefits. Locating and tracking in the airport can greatly help passengers save their time and energy in reaching the destination. In another general scenario of identification, the population of observed targets is usually larger than just one. Hence, only with small error, indoor localization system (ILS) can be able to identify the targets despite the neighbors. Due to the emerging and urging demands of increasing the accuracy of indoor localization, we propose a novel design of three dimensional (3-D). optical receiver for visible light communication (VLC) indoor positioning system. First, we model the optical wireless channel. Then we utilize modified triangulation method to obtain more robust receiver position by using at least two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and one receiver consisting of nine photodetectors (PDs). Finally, the improved algorithm is implemented and the results are shown under our three dimensional multiple photodetectors (multi-PDs) structure receiver. In the simulation, we take the parameters of Lambertian radiation pattern, LEDs and PDs as those shown in [1] . To be noticed, our design of multi-PDs receiver is fully expanded into three dimensions compared with the pyramid receiver (PR), which allows indoor positioning with our receiver structure to be more robust to the higher or corner positions. The details will be explained in the following sections. Based on Multiple-Photodiodebased Indoor Positioning algorithm [1], the indoor positioning algorithm is improved by redefining the optimization problem of obtaining the direction from receiver to LED and using weighted triangulation method to locate receiver position. We admit the solution under the redefined problem is not optimal to the actual problem. Yet, our given solution is better to that in [1] due to the existence of noise, which is reasonable and has been verified.