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    Simultaneous phosphorous and nitrogen recovery from source-separated urine: A novel application for fertiliser drawn forward osmosis

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Volpin, Federico
    Chekli, Laura
    Phuntsho, Sherub
    Cho, Jaeweon
    Ghaffour, NorEddine cc
    Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S. cc
    Shon, H.K. cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2018-03-30
    Online Publication Date
    2018-03-30
    Print Publication Date
    2018-07
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627537
    
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    Abstract
    Re-thinking our approach to dealing with wastes is one of the major challenges in achieving a more sustainable society. However, it could also generate numerous opportunities. Specifically, in the context of wastewater, nutrients, energy and water could be mined from it. Because of its exceptionally high nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentration, human urine is particularly suitable to be processed for fertiliser production. In the present study, forward osmosis (FO) was employed to mine the P and N from human urine. Two Mg2+-fertilisers, i.e. MgSO4 and Mg(NO3)2 were selected as draw solution (DS) to dewater synthetic non-hydrolysed urine. In this process, the Mg2+ reverse salt flux (RSF) were used to recover P as struvite. Simultaneously, the urea was recovered in the DS as it is poorly rejected by the FO membrane. The results showed that, after 60% urine concentration, about 40% of the P and 50% of the N were recovered. XRD and SEM – EDX analysis confirmed that P was precipitated as mineral struvite. If successfully tested on real urine, this process could be applied to treat the urine collected in urban areas e.g., high-rise building. After the filtration, the solid struvite could be sold for inland applications whereas the diluted fertiliser used for direct fertigation of green walls, parks or for urban farming. Finally, reduction in the load of N, P to the downstream wastewater treatment plant would also ensure a more sustainable urban water cycle.
    Citation
    Volpin F, Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Cho J, Ghaffour N, et al. (2018) Simultaneous phosphorous and nitrogen recovery from source-separated urine: A novel application for fertiliser drawn forward osmosis. Chemosphere 203: 482–489. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.193.
    Sponsors
    This research was supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia, CPF program, by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through the ARC Research Hub for Energy-efficient Separation (IH170100009) and by the Korean Government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2015R1A5A7037825 and No. NRF-2016R1A2B4012214).
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Chemosphere
    DOI
    10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.193
    PubMed ID
    29635160
    Additional Links
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653518306210
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.193
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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