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    Low Energy Desalination Using Battery Electrode Deionization

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Kim, Taeyoung
    Gorski, Christopher A. cc
    Logan, Bruce cc
    KAUST Grant Number
    OSR-2017-CPF-2907-02
    Date
    2017-09-21
    Online Publication Date
    2017-09-21
    Print Publication Date
    2017-10-10
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/626709
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    New electrochemical technologies that use capacitive or battery electrodes are being developed to minimize energy requirements for desalinating brackish waters. When a pair of electrodes is charged in capacitive deionization (CDI) systems, cations bind to the cathode and anions bind to the anode, but high applied voltages (>1.2 V) result in parasitic reactions and irreversible electrode oxidation. In the battery electrode deionization (BDI) system developed here, two identical copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) battery electrodes were used that release and bind cations, with anion separation occurring via an anion exchange membrane. The system used an applied voltage of 0.6 V, which avoided parasitic reactions, achieved high electrode desalination capacities (up to 100 mg-NaCl/g-electrode, 50 mM NaCl influent), and consumed less energy than CDI. Simultaneous production of desalinated and concentrated solutions in two channels avoided a two-cycle approach needed for CDI. Stacking additional membranes between CuHCF electrodes (up to three anion and two cation exchange membranes) reduced energy consumption to only 0.02 kWh/m3 (approximately an order of magnitude lower than values reported for CDI), for an influent desalination similar to CDI (25 mM decreased to 17 mM). These results show that BDI could be effective as a very low energy method for brackish water desalination.
    Citation
    Kim T, Gorski CA, Logan BE (2017) Low Energy Desalination Using Battery Electrode Deionization. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 4: 444–449. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00392.
    Sponsors
    This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1603635), the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) (OSR-2017-CPF-2907- 02), and seed grant funds from Penn State University.
    Publisher
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Journal
    Environmental Science & Technology Letters
    DOI
    10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00392
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00392
    Scopus Count
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