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    Biofouling patterns in spacer filled channels: High resolution imaging for characterization of heterogeneous biofilms

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    80_2017_1.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Staal, Marc
    Siddiqui, Amber cc
    van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. cc
    Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S. cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Bioscience Program
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2017
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/625402
    
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    Abstract
    Biofilms develop in heterogeneous patterns at a µm scale up to a cm scale, and patterns become more pronounced when biofilms develop under complex hydrodynamic flow regimes. Spatially heterogeneous biofilms are especially known in spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane filtration systems used for desalination and wastewater reuse to produce high quality (drinking) water. These spiral wound membrane modules contain mesh-like spacer structures used to create an intermembrane space and improve water mixing. Spacers create inhomogeneous water flow patterns resulting in zones favouring biofilm growth, possibly leading to biofouling thus hampering water production. Oxygen sensing planar optodes were used to visualize variations in oxygen decrease rates (ODR). ODR is an indication of biofilm activity. In this study, ODR images of multiple repetitive spacer areas in a membrane fouling simulator were averaged to produce high resolution, low noise ODR images. Averaging 40 individual spacer areas improved the ODR distribution image significantly and allowed comparison of biofilm patterning over a spacer structure at different positions in an RO filter. This method clearly showed that most active biofilm accumulated on and in direct vicinity of the spacer. The averaging method was also used to calculate the deviation of ODR patterning from individual spacer areas to the average ODR pattern, proposing a new approach to determine biofilm spatial heterogeneity. This study showed that the averaging method can be applied and that the improved, averaged ODR images can be used as an analytical, in-situ, non-destructive method to assess and quantify the effect of membrane installation operational parameters or different spacer geometries on biofilm development in spiral wound membrane systems characterized by complex hydrodynamic conditions.
    Citation
    Staal M, Farhat N, van Loosdrecht M, Vrouwenvelder J (2017) Biofouling patterns in spacer filled channels: High resolution imaging for characterization of heterogeneous biofilms. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 80: 1–10. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20863.
    Sponsors
    The research reported in this publication was supported by funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The authors would like to thank Sergey Borisov for providing the optode material.
    Publisher
    Desalination Publications
    Journal
    DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
    DOI
    10.5004/dwt.2017.20863
    Additional Links
    http://www.deswater.com/DWT_articles/vol_80_papers/80_2017_1.pdf
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.5004/dwt.2017.20863
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Bioscience Program; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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