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    Seabed gallery intakes: Investigation of the water pretreatment effectiveness of the active layer using a long-term column experiment

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Dehwah, Abdullah cc
    Missimer, Thomas M.
    KAUST Department
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2017-05-11
    Online Publication Date
    2017-05-11
    Print Publication Date
    2017-09
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/623684
    
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    Abstract
    Seabed gallery intake systems used for seawater reverse osmosis facilities employ the same principle of water treatment as slow sand filtration in freshwater systems. An investigation concerning the effectiveness of the active layer (top layer) in improving raw water quality was conducted by using a long-term bench-scale columns experiment. Two different media types, silica and carbonate sand, were tested in 1 m columns to evaluate the effectiveness of media type in terms of algae, bacteria, Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) removal over a period of 620 days. Nearly all algae in the silica sand column, 87% (σ = 0.04) of the bacteria, 59% (σ = 0.11) of the biopolymer fraction of NOM, 59% (σ = 0.16) of particulate and 32% (σ = 0.25) of colloidal TEP were removed during the last 330 days of the experiment. Total removal was observed in the carbonate sand column for algal concentration, while the bacterial removal was lower at 74% (σ = 0.08). Removal of biopolymers, particulate and colloidal TEP were higher in the carbonate column during the last 330 days with 72% (σ = 0.15), 66% (σ = 0.08) and 36% (σ = 0.12) removed for these organics respectively. Removal of these key organics through the 1 m thick column, representing the active layer, will likely reduce the rate of biofouling, reduce chemical usage and minimize operating cost in SWRO systems. The data show that the media will require several months at the beginning of operation to reach equilibrium so that high organic removal rates can be achieved. No development of a “schmutzdecke” layer occurred. The experimental results suggest that unlike freshwater slow sand filtration wherein most water treatment occurs in the upper 10 cm, in seawater systems treatment occurs throughout the full active layer depth of 1 m. The results of this study will help in designing and operating seabed gallery intake systems in varied geological conditions.
    Citation
    Dehwah AHA, Missimer TM (2017) Seabed gallery intakes: Investigation of the water pretreatment effectiveness of the active layer using a long-term column experiment. Water Research 121: 95–108. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.014.
    Sponsors
    Funding for this research was provided by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. The authors thank the Water Desalination and Reuse Center for the use of analytical equipment. Thanks are also extended to Ulrich Buttner for helping in designing the columns and Christiane Hoppe-Jones, Samir Al-Mashharawi, Moustapha Harb, Mohanned Al-ghamdi, Nizar Jaber, Noor Zaouri, Sheng Li and Abdullah Al-shahri for lab support.
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Water Research
    DOI
    10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.014
    PubMed ID
    28521239
    Additional Links
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135417303731
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.014
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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