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    Nanoporous Hybrid Electrolytes for High-Energy Batteries Based on Reactive Metal Anodes

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Tu, Zhengyuan
    Zachman, Michael J. cc
    Choudhury, Snehashis cc
    Wei, Shuya cc
    Ma, Lin
    Yang, Yuan
    Kourkoutis, Lena F. cc
    Archer, Lynden A. cc
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUS-C1-018-02
    Date
    2017-01-06
    Online Publication Date
    2017-01-06
    Print Publication Date
    2017-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/623569
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Successful strategies for stabilizing electrodeposition of reactive metals, including lithium, sodium, and aluminum are a requirement for safe, high-energy electrochemical storage technologies that utilize these metals as anodes. Unstable deposition produces high-surface area dendritic structures at the anode/electrolyte interface, which causes premature cell failure by complex physical and chemical processes that have presented formidable barriers to progress. Here, it is reported that hybrid electrolytes created by infusing conventional liquid electrolytes into nanoporous membranes provide exceptional ability to stabilize Li. Electrochemical cells based on γ-Al2O3 ceramics with pore diameters below a cut-off value above 200 nm exhibit long-term stability even at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. The effect is not limited to ceramics; similar large enhancements in stability are observed for polypropylene membranes with less monodisperse pores below 450 nm. These findings are critically assessed using theories for ion rectification and electrodeposition reactions in porous solids and show that the source of stable electrodeposition in nanoporous electrolytes is fundamental.
    Citation
    Tu Z, Zachman MJ, Choudhury S, Wei S, Ma L, et al. (2017) Nanoporous Hybrid Electrolytes for High-Energy Batteries Based on Reactive Metal Anodes. Advanced Energy Materials 7: 1602367. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602367.
    Sponsors
    The authors are grateful to the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) award DE-AR-0000750, DE-FOA-001002 for supporting this study. The study also made use of the electrochemical characterization facilities of the KAUST-CU Center for Energy and Sustainability, which was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) through Award # KUS-C1-018-02. Electron microscopy facilities at the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR), an NSF-supported MRSEC through Grant DMR-1120296, were also used for the study. Additional support for the FIB/SEM cryostage and transfer system was provided by the Kavli Institute at Cornell and the Energy Materials Center at Cornell, DOE EFRC BES (DE-SC0001086). M.J.Z. and L.F.K. acknowledge support by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Advanced Energy Materials
    DOI
    10.1002/aenm.201602367
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/aenm.201602367
    Scopus Count
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