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    Quantifying local-scale dust emission from the Arabian Red Sea coastal plain

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Anisimov, Anatolii cc
    Tao, Weichun cc
    Stenchikov, Georgiy L. cc
    Kalenderski, Stoitchko
    Jish Prakash, P.
    Yang, Zong Liang
    Shi, Mingjie
    KAUST Department
    Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2017-01-23
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/622843
    
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    Abstract
    Dust plumes emitted from the narrow Arabian Red Sea coastal plain are often observed on satellite images and felt in local population centers. Despite its relatively small area, the coastal plain could be a significant dust source; however, its effect is not well quantified as it is not well approximated in global or even regional models. In addition, because of close proximity to the Red Sea, a significant amount of dust from the coastal areas could be deposited into the Red Sea and serve as a vital component of the nutrient balance of marine ecosystems. In the current study, we apply the offline Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) to better quantify dust emission from the coastal plain during the period of 2009-2011. We verify the spatial and temporal variability in model results using independent weather station reports. We also compare the results with the MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero). We show that the best results are obtained with 1 km model spatial resolution and dust source function based on Meteosat Second Generation Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) measurements. We present the dust emission spatial pattern, as well as estimates of seasonal and diurnal variability in dust event frequency and intensity, and discuss the emission regime in the major dust generation hot spot areas. We demonstrate the contrasting seasonal dust cycles in the northern and southern parts of the coastal plain and discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for dust generation. This study provides the first estimates of the fine-scale spatial and temporal distribution of dust emissions from the Arabian Red Sea coastal plain constrained by MERRAero and short-term WRF-Chem simulations. The estimate of total dust emission from the coastal plain, tuned to fit emissions in MERRAero, is 7.5 ± 0.5 Mt a. Small interannual variability indicates that the study area is a stable dust source. The mineralogical composition analysis shows that the coastal plain generates around 76 ± 5 kt of iron oxides and 6 ± 0.4 kt of phosphorus annually. Over 65 % of dust is emitted from the northern part of the coastal plain.
    Citation
    Anisimov A, Tao W, Stenchikov G, Kalenderski S, Prakash PJ, et al. (2017) Quantifying local-scale dust emission from the Arabian Red Sea coastal plain. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17: 993–1015. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-993-2017.
    Sponsors
    We thank V. Ramaswamy and Paul A. Ginoux of GFDL for valuable discussions. We also thank Johann Engelbrecht and Linda Everett for proofreading the article. The research reported in this publication was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). For computer time, this research used the resources of the Supercomputing Laboratory at KAUST in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
    Publisher
    Copernicus GmbH
    Journal
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    ISSN
    1680-7324
    DOI
    10.5194/acp-17-993-2017
    10.5194/acp-2016-723
    Additional Links
    http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/993/2017/
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.5194/acp-17-993-2017
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division

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