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    Evidence for a role of viruses in the thermal sensitivity of coral photosymbionts

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Levin, Rachel Ashley
    Voolstra, Christian R. cc
    Weynberg, Karen Dawn
    Oppen, Madeleine Josephine Henriette van
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2016-12-02
    Online Publication Date
    2016-12-02
    Print Publication Date
    2017-03
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/622401
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Symbiodinium, the dinoflagellate photosymbiont of corals, is posited to become more susceptible to viral infections when heat-stressed. To investigate this hypothesis, we mined transcriptome data of a thermosensitive and a thermotolerant type C1 Symbiodinium population at ambient (27 °C) and elevated (32°C) temperatures. We uncovered hundreds of transcripts from nucleocytoplasmic large double-stranded DNA viruses (NCLDVs) and the genome of a novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus (+ssRNAV). In the transcriptome of the thermosensitive population only, +ssRNAV transcripts had remarkable expression levels in the top 0.03% of all transcripts at 27 °C, but at 32 °C, expression levels of +ssRNAV transcripts decreased, while expression levels of anti-viral transcripts increased. In both transcriptomes, expression of NCLDV transcripts increased at 32 °C, but thermal induction of NCLDV transcripts involved in DNA manipulation was restricted to the thermosensitive population. Our findings reveal that viruses infecting Symbiodinium are affected by heat stress and may contribute to Symbiodinium thermal sensitivity.
    Citation
    Levin RA, Voolstra CR, Weynberg KD, van Oppen MJH (2016) Evidence for a role of viruses in the thermal sensitivity of coral photosymbionts. The ISME Journal. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.154.
    Sponsors
    The Australian Institute of Marine Science supplied the Symbiodinium strains (aims-aten-C1-WSY, aims-aten-C1-MI) used in this study. Yi Jin Liew provided assistance with the bit score analysis. Rhys T Graham provided technical support for MATLAB. The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation at the University of New South Wales, King Abddullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), The Joyce W Vickery Scientific Research Fund Grant awarded to Rachel A Levin from the Linnean Society of New South Wales, and Future Fellowship No FT100100088 awarded to Madeleine JH van Oppen from the Australian Research Council contributed financial support. Raw, processed and annotated sequencing data are available through NCBI GEO (accession: GSE77911). The novel +ssRNAV genome (TR74740|c13_g1_i1) and highly related, partial +ssRNAV genome (TR74740|c13_g1_i2) discovered in this study have been deposited in GenBank (accession nos: KX538960 and KX787934, poly(A) tails were trimmed from RNA-Seq reads prior to de novo assembly of transcripts).
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    The ISME Journal
    DOI
    10.1038/ismej.2016.154
    Additional Links
    http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ismej2016154a.html
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/ismej.2016.154
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program; Reef Genomics, part of the Global Ocean Genome Project

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