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    Membrane-based seawater desalination: Present and future prospects

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    Name:
    Desalination - Special Issue - REVISED - Oct 1.pdf
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    381.2Kb
    Format:
    PDF
    Description:
    Accepted Manuscript
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Amy, Gary L.
    Ghaffour, NorEddine cc
    Li, Zhenyu
    Francis, Lijo
    Valladares Linares, Rodrigo cc
    Missimer, Thomas
    Lattemann, Sabine
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Competitive Research Funds
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    OCRF- Special Academic Partnership
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2016-10-20
    Online Publication Date
    2016-10-20
    Print Publication Date
    2017-01
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/622218
    
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    Abstract
    Given increasing regional water scarcity and that almost half of the world's population lives within 100 km of an ocean, seawater represents a virtually infinite water resource. However, its exploitation is presently limited by the significant specific energy consumption (kWh/m) required by conventional desalination technologies, further exasperated by high unit costs ($\$$/m) and environmental impacts including GHG emissions (g CO-eq/m), organism impingement/entrainment through intakes, and brine disposal through outfalls. This paper explores the state-of-the-art in present seawater desalination practice, emphasizing membrane-based technologies, while identifying future opportunities in step improvements to conventional technologies and development of emerging, potentially disruptive, technologies through advances in material science, process engineering, and system integration. In this paper, seawater reverse osmosis (RO) serves as the baseline conventional technology. The discussion extends beyond desalting processes into membrane-based salinity gradient energy production processes, which can provide an energy offset to desalination process energy requirements. The future membrane landscape in membrane-based desalination and salinity gradient energy is projected to include ultrahigh permeability RO membranes, renewable-energy driven desalination, and emerging processes including closed-circuit RO, membrane distillation, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, and reverse electrodialysis according various niche applications and/or hybrids, operating separately or in conjunction with RO.
    Citation
    Amy G, Ghaffour N, Li Z, Francis L, Linares RV, et al. (2017) Membrane-based seawater desalination: Present and future prospects. Desalination 401: 16–21. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.002.
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Desalination
    DOI
    10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.002
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.002
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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