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    Impacts of changing climate and snow cover on the flow regime of Jhelum River, Western Himalayas

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Azmat, Muhammad
    Liaqat, Umar Waqas cc
    Qamar, Muhammad Uzair
    Awan, Usman Khalid
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Date
    2016-11-16
    Online Publication Date
    2016-11-16
    Print Publication Date
    2017-03
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/622208
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    This study examines the change in climate variables and snow cover dynamics and their impact on the hydrological regime of the Jhelum River basin in Western Himalayas. This study utilized daily streamflow records from Mangla dam, spanning a time period of 19 years (1995–2013), along with precipitation and temperature data over 52 years (1961–2013) from 12 different climate stations in the catchment. Additionally, moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing product MOD10A2 was utilized to analyze the change in snow cover dynamics during 2000–2013. The Pearson and Kendall rank correlation tests were used to scrutinize snow cover trends and correlation between temperature, precipitation, snow cover area (SCA) and streamflows records. Basin-wide trend analysis showed a slightly increasing tendency in temperature (τ = 0.098) and precipitation (τ = 0.094), during the years 1961–2013. The changes in streamflow indicated a positive (r > 0.12) relationship with respect to temperature but variable trends (r = −0.45–0.41) with respect to precipitation during both the winter and monsoon seasons. This indicates that temperature has a significant impact on the hydrological regime of the basin. MODIS data-based investigations suggested an expansion in SCA during 2000–2013. The changes in SCA of high-altitude zones (>2000 m a.s.l.) depicted a stronger positive correlation with climate variables and streamflow compared with those obtained for low-altitude regions (<2000 m a.s.l.). Overall, these results signify that high-altitude areas contribute to the streamflow largely in the form of snow- and glacier-melt during the early summer season. The streamflow is then further augmented by monsoon rainfall in the low-elevation regions during late summer.
    Citation
    Azmat M, Liaqat UW, Qamar MU, Awan UK (2016) Impacts of changing climate and snow cover on the flow regime of Jhelum River, Western Himalayas. Regional Environmental Change. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1072-6.
    Sponsors
    This study was funded by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC), under program for overseas higher education. The financial support for this project was extremely useful for the completion of this research endeavor and is greatly appreciated. The authors wish to extend a special thanks to the organizations GMRC-WAPDA and PMD for providing access to meteorological and hydrological data utilized in this research.
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Regional Environmental Change
    DOI
    10.1007/s10113-016-1072-6
    Additional Links
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1072-6
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s10113-016-1072-6
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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