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    Formation and development of salt crusts on soil surfaces

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Dai, Sheng
    Shin, Hosung
    Santamarina, Carlos cc
    KAUST Department
    Earth Science and Engineering Program
    Energy Resources and Petroleum Engineering
    Upstream Petroleum Engineering Research Center (UPERC)
    Date
    2015-12-14
    Online Publication Date
    2015-12-14
    Print Publication Date
    2016-10
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621651
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    The salt concentration gradually increases at the soil free surface when the evaporation rate exceeds the diffusive counter transport. Eventually, salt precipitates and crystals form a porous sodium chloride crust with a porosity of 0.43 ± 0.14. After detaching from soils, the salt crust still experiences water condensation and salt deliquescence at the bottom, brine transport across the crust driven by the humidity gradient, and continued air-side precipitation. This transport mechanism allows salt crust migration away from the soil surface at a rate of 5 μm/h forming salt domes above soil surfaces. The surface characteristics of mineral substrates and the evaporation rate affect the morphology and the crystal size of precipitated salt. In particular, substrate hydrophobicity and low evaporation rate suppress salt spreading.
    Citation
    Dai S, Shin H, Santamarina JC (2015) Formation and development of salt crusts on soil surfaces. Acta Geotechnica 11: 1103–1109. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-015-0421-9.
    Sponsors
    This work has been supported by the Goizueta Foundation and US Department of Energy. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved this manuscript.
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Acta Geotechnica
    DOI
    10.1007/s11440-015-0421-9
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s11440-015-0421-9
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center (ANPERC); Earth Science and Engineering Program

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