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    Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Malviya, Shruti
    Scalco, Eleonora
    Audic, Stéphane
    Vincent, Flora
    Veluchamy, Alaguraj cc
    Poulain, Julie
    Wincker, Patrick
    Iudicone, Daniele
    de Vargas, Colomban
    Bittner, Lucie
    Zingone, Adriana
    Bowler, Chris
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Center for Desert Agriculture
    Date
    2016-02-29
    Online Publication Date
    2016-02-29
    Print Publication Date
    2016-03-15
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621469
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically important groups of phytoplankton. They are considered to be particularly important in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at high latitudes, but considerably less so in the oligotrophic open ocean. The Tara Oceans circumnavigation collected samples from a wide range of oceanic regions using a standardized sampling procedure. Here, a total of ∼12 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 sizefractionated plankton communities collected at 46 sampling sites across the global ocean euphotic zone, have been analyzed to explore diatom global diversity and community composition. We provide a new estimate of diversity of marine planktonic diatoms at 4,748 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Based on the total assigned ribotypes, Chaetoceros was the most abundant and diverse genus, followed by Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Corethron. We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across stations and high abundance, many of which could not be assigned with confidence to any known genus. Three distinct communities from South Pacific, Mediterranean, and Southern Ocean waters were identified that share a substantial percentage of ribotypes within them. Sudden drops in diversity were observed at Cape Agulhas, which separates the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and across the Drake Passage between the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, indicating the importance of these ocean circulation choke points in constraining diatom distribution and diversity. We also observed high diatom diversity in the open ocean, suggesting that diatoms may be more relevant in these oceanic systems than generally considered.
    Citation
    Malviya S, Scalco E, Audic S, Vincent F, Veluchamy A, et al. (2016) Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113: E1516–E1525. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509523113.
    Publisher
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Journal
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1509523113
    PubMed ID
    27044109
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC4843444
    Additional Links
    http://www.pnas.org/content/113/16/4416
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1509523113
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Center for Desert Agriculture

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