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    Ecomorphological convergence in planktivorous surgeonfishes

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Friedman, S. T.
    Price, S. A.
    Hoey, A. S.
    Wainwright, P. C.
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2016-02-12
    Online Publication Date
    2016-02-12
    Print Publication Date
    2016-05
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621451
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Morphological convergence plays a central role in the study of evolution. Often induced by shared ecological specialization, homoplasy hints at underlying selective pressures and adaptive constraints that deterministically shape the diversification of life. Although midwater zooplanktivory has arisen in adult surgeonfishes (family Acanthuridae) at least four independent times, it represents a clearly specialized state, requiring the capacity to swiftly swim in midwater locating and sucking small prey items. Whereas this diet has commonly been associated with specific functional adaptations in fishes, acanthurids present an interesting case study as all nonplanktivorous species feed by grazing on benthic algae and detritus, requiring a vastly different functional morphology that emphasizes biting behaviours. We examined the feeding morphology in 30 acanthurid species and, combined with a pre-existing phylogenetic tree, compared the fit of evolutionary models across two diet regimes: zooplanktivores and nonzooplanktivorous grazers. Accounting for phylogenetic relationships, the best-fitting model indicates that zooplanktivorous species are converging on a separate adaptive peak from their grazing relatives. Driving this bimodal landscape, zooplanktivorous acanthurids tend to develop a slender body, reduced facial features, smaller teeth and weakened jaw adductor muscles. However, despite these phenotypic changes, model fitting suggests that lineages have not yet reached the adaptive peak associated with plankton feeding even though some transitions appear to be over 10 million years old. These findings demonstrate that the selective demands of pelagic feeding promote repeated - albeit very gradual - ecomorphological convergence within surgeonfishes, while allowing local divergences between closely related species, contributing to the overall diversity of the clade. Journal of Evolutionary Biology
    Citation
    Friedman, S. T., Price, S. A., Hoey, A. S., & Wainwright, P. C. (2016). Ecomorphological convergence in planktivorous surgeonfishes. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 29(5), 965–978. doi:10.1111/jeb.12837
    Sponsors
    The authors would like to thank Johanna Lee who helped obtain morphometric data from specimens. Funding for this research was provided by National Science Foundation grants IOS-0924489 and DEB-1061981 to PCW, and ARC DE130100688 to ASH.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Journal of Evolutionary Biology
    DOI
    10.1111/jeb.12837
    PubMed ID
    26809907
    Additional Links
    http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jeb.12837
    https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/jeb.12837
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/jeb.12837
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Environmental Science and Engineering Program

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