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    An impaired metabolic response to hydrostatic pressure explains Alcanivorax borkumensis recorded distribution in the deep marine water column

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    10.1038-srep31316.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Scoma, Alberto
    Barbato, Marta cc
    Borin, Sara cc
    Daffonchio, Daniele cc
    Boon, Nico
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Bioscience Program
    Date
    2016-08-12
    Online Publication Date
    2016-08-12
    Print Publication Date
    2016-11
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/620937
    
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    Abstract
    Alcanivorax borkumensis is an ubiquitous model organism for hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, which dominates polluted surface waters. Its negligible presence in oil-contaminated deep waters (as observed during the Deepwater Horizon accident) raises the hypothesis that it may lack adaptive mechanisms to hydrostatic pressure (HP). The type strain SK2 was tested under 0.1, 5 and 10 MPa (corresponding to surface water, 500 and 1000 m depth, respectively). While 5 MPa essentially inactivated SK2, further increase to 10 MPa triggered some resistance mechanism, as indicated by higher total and intact cell numbers. Under 10 MPa, SK2 upregulated the synthetic pathway of the osmolyte ectoine, whose concentration increased from 0.45 to 4.71 fmoles cell-1. Central biosynthetic pathways such as cell replication, glyoxylate and Krebs cycles, amino acids metabolism and fatty acids biosynthesis, but not β-oxidation, were upregulated or unaffected at 10 MPa, although total cell number was remarkably lower with respect to 0.1 MPa. Concomitantly, expression of more than 50% of SK2 genes was downregulated, including genes related to ATP generation, respiration and protein translation. Thus, A. borkumensis lacks proper adaptation to HP but activates resistance mechanisms. These consist in poorly efficient biosynthetic rather than energy-yielding degradation-related pathways, and suggest that HP does represent a major driver for its distribution at deep-sea.
    Citation
    Scoma A, Barbato M, Borin S, Daffonchio D, Boon N (2016) An impaired metabolic response to hydrostatic pressure explains Alcanivorax borkumensis recorded distribution in the deep marine water column. Scientific Reports 6: 31316. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep31316.
    Sponsors
    This work was funded by FP-7 project Kill Spill (No. 312139, “Integrated Biotechnological Solutions for Combating Marine Oil Spills”) and by the Geconcentreerde Onderzoeksactie (GOA) of Ghent University (BOF15/GOA/006). The authors thank the support of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (baseline research funds to D.D.).
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Scientific Reports
    DOI
    10.1038/srep31316
    PubMed ID
    27515484
    Additional Links
    http://www.nature.com/articles/srep31316
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/srep31316
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Bioscience Program

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