Oxidation of Refractory Benzothiazoles with PMS/CuFe2O4: Kinetics and Transformation Intermediates
Type
ArticleKAUST Department
Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
Environmental Science and Engineering Program
Water Desalination & Reuse Research Cntr
Date
2016-05-04Permanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/608990
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Benzothiazole (BTH) and its derivatives, 2-(methylthio)bezothiazole (MTBT), 2-benzothiazolsulfonate (BTSA) and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (OHBT), are refractory pollutants ubiquitously existing in urban runoff at relatively high concentrations. Here, we report their oxidation by CuFe2O4-activated peroxomonosulfate (PMS/CuFe2O4), focusing on kinetics and transformation intermediates. These benzothiazoles can be efficiently degraded by this oxidation process which is confirmed to generate mainly sulfate radicals (with negligible hydroxyl-radical formation) under slightly acidic to neutral pH conditions. The molar exposure ratio of sulfate radical to residual PMS (i.e. Rct) of this process is a constant which is related to reaction condition and can be easily determined. Reaction rate constants of these benzothiazoles towards sulfate radical are (3.3 ± 0.3) × 109, (1.4 ± 0.3) × 109, (1.5 ± 0.1) × 109 and (4.7 ± 0.5) × 109 M-1s-1, respectively (pH 7 and 20 oC). Based on Rct and these rate constants, their degradation in the presence of organic matter can be well predicted. A number of transformation products were detected and tentatively identified using triple-quadruple/linear ion trap MS/MS and high-resolution MS. It appears that sulfate radicals attack BTH, MTBT and BTSA on their benzo ring via electron transfer, generating multiple hydroxylated intermediates which are reactive towards common oxidants. For OHBT oxidation, it prefers to break down the thiazole ring. Due to competitions of the transformation intermediates, a minimum PMS/pollutant molar ratio of 10-20 is required for effective degradation. The flexible PMS/CuFe2O4 could be a useful process to remove the benzothiazoles from low DOC waters like urban runoff or polluted groundwater.Citation
Oxidation of Refractory Benzothiazoles with PMS/CuFe2O4: Kinetics and Transformation Intermediates 2016 Environmental Science & TechnologySponsors
This research reported in this publication was supported by funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). We thank Prof. Jean-Philippe Croué (Curtin University, Australia) for the gift of HOPA and efOM. The assistance of Ms. Tong Zhan and Dr.Julien Le Roux (WDRC, KAUST) and Mr. Salim Sioud (Analytical Core 467 Lab, KAUST) in MS analysis is gratefully acknowledged. We also appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their revision suggestions which significantly improved the quality of this work.Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)ISSN
0013-936X1520-5851
PubMed ID
27144396Additional Links
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b00701ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1021/acs.est.6b00701
Scopus Count
Related articles
- Efficient degradation of atrazine by magnetic porous copper ferrite catalyzed peroxymonosulfate oxidation via the formation of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals.
- Authors: Guan YH, Ma J, Ren YM, Liu YL, Xiao JY, Lin LQ, Zhang C
- Issue date: 2013 Sep 15
- New insights into atrazine degradation by cobalt catalyzed peroxymonosulfate oxidation: kinetics, reaction products and transformation mechanisms.
- Authors: Ji Y, Dong C, Kong D, Lu J
- Issue date: 2015 Mar 21
- Ferrous-activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation of antimicrobial agent sulfaquinoxaline and structurally related compounds in aqueous solution: kinetics, products, and transformation pathways.
- Authors: Ji Y, Wang L, Jiang M, Yang Y, Yang P, Lu J, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM
- Issue date: 2017 Aug
- Efficient transformation of DDT by peroxymonosulfate activated with cobalt in aqueous systems: Kinetics, products, and reactive species identification.
- Authors: Qin W, Fang G, Wang Y, Wu T, Zhu C, Zhou D
- Issue date: 2016 Apr
- Photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by TiO<sub>2</sub> anchored on cupper ferrite (TiO<sub>2</sub>@CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) into 2,4-D degradation: Process feasibility, mechanism and pathway.
- Authors: Golshan M, Kakavandi B, Ahmadi M, Azizi M
- Issue date: 2018 Oct 5