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    Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

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    fmicb-07-00045.pdf
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Prest, Emmanuelle I.
    Hammes, Frederik
    van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. cc
    Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S. cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    KAUST Grant Number
    URF/1/1728-01-01
    Date
    2016-02-01
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/600718
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Biological stability of drinking water refers to the concept of providing consumers with drinking water of same microbial quality at the tap as produced at the water treatment facility. However, uncontrolled growth of bacteria can occur during distribution in water mains and premise plumbing, and can lead to hygienic (e.g., development of opportunistic pathogens), aesthetic (e.g., deterioration of taste, odor, color) or operational (e.g., fouling or biocorrosion of pipes) problems. Drinking water contains diverse microorganisms competing for limited available nutrients for growth. Bacterial growth and interactions are regulated by factors, such as (i) type and concentration of available organic and inorganic nutrients, (ii) type and concentration of residual disinfectant, (iii) presence of predators, such as protozoa and invertebrates, (iv) environmental conditions, such as water temperature, and (v) spatial location of microorganisms (bulk water, sediment, or biofilm). Water treatment and distribution conditions in water mains and premise plumbing affect each of these factors and shape bacterial community characteristics (abundance, composition, viability) in distribution systems. Improved understanding of bacterial interactions in distribution systems and of environmental conditions impact is needed for better control of bacterial communities during drinking water production and distribution. This article reviews (i) existing knowledge on biological stability controlling factors and (ii) how these factors are affected by drinking water production and distribution conditions. In addition, (iii) the concept of biological stability is discussed in light of experience with well-established and new analytical methods, enabling high throughput analysis and in-depth characterization of bacterial communities in drinking water. We discussed, how knowledge gained from novel techniques will improve design and monitoring of water treatment and distribution systems in order to maintain good drinking water microbial quality up to consumer’s tap. A new definition and methodological approach for biological stability is proposed.
    Citation
    Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges 2016, 7 Frontiers in Microbiology
    Sponsors
    This publication is based upon work supported by Evides Waterbedrijf and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No. URF/1/1728-01-01.
    Publisher
    Frontiers Media SA
    Journal
    Frontiers in Microbiology
    DOI
    10.3389/fmicb.2016.00045
    PubMed ID
    26870010
    Additional Links
    http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00045
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3389/fmicb.2016.00045
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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