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    Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Burschka, Julian
    Pellet, Norman
    Moon, Soo-Jin
    Humphry-Baker, Robin
    Gao, Peng
    Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.
    Grätzel, Michael
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUS-C1-015-21
    Date
    2013-07-10
    Online Publication Date
    2013-07-10
    Print Publication Date
    2013-07
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/599601
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Following pioneering work, solution-processable organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites - such as CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) - have attracted attention as light-harvesting materials for mesoscopic solar cells. So far, the perovskite pigment has been deposited in a single step onto mesoporous metal oxide films using a mixture of PbX 2 and CH 3 NH 3 X in a common solvent. However, the uncontrolled precipitation of the perovskite produces large morphological variations, resulting in a wide spread of photovoltaic performance in the resulting devices, which hampers the prospects for practical applications. Here we describe a sequential deposition method for the formation of the perovskite pigment within the porous metal oxide film. PbI 2 is first introduced from solution into a nanoporous titanium dioxide film and subsequently transformed into the perovskite by exposing it to a solution of CH 3 NH 3 I. We find that the conversion occurs within the nanoporous host as soon as the two components come into contact, permitting much better control over the perovskite morphology than is possible with the previously employed route. Using this technique for the fabrication of solid-state mesoscopic solar cells greatly increases the reproducibility of their performance and allows us to achieve a power conversion efficiency of approximately 15 per cent (measured under standard AM1.5G test conditions on solar zenith angle, solar light intensity and cell temperature). This two-step method should provide new opportunities for the fabrication of solution-processed photovoltaic cells with unprecedented power conversion efficiencies and high stability equal to or even greater than those of today's best thin-film photovoltaic devices. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
    Citation
    Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S-J, Humphry-Baker R, Gao P, et al. (2013) Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 499: 316–319. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12340.
    Sponsors
    We thank M. Marszalek for recording SEM images, M. Tschumi for help with the stability measurements and K. Schenk for the XRD characterization. We acknowledge financial support from Aisin Cosmos R&D Co., Ltd, Japan; the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) ENERGY.2012.10.2.1; NANOMATCELL, grant agreement no. 308997; the Global Research Laboratory Program, Korea; the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (award no. KUS-C1-015-21) of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; and Solvay S.A. M.K.N. thanks the World Class University programmes (Photovoltaic Materials, Department of Material Chemistry, Korea University), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology through the National Research Foundation of Korea (R31-2008-000-10035-0). M.G. thanks the Max Planck Society for a Max Planck Fellowship at the MPI for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, Germany; the King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah and the Nanyang Technolocal University, Singapore for Adjunct Professor appointments; and the European Research Council for an Advanced Research Grant (ARG 247404) funded under the “Mesolight” project.
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Nature
    DOI
    10.1038/nature12340
    PubMed ID
    23842493
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/nature12340
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