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    Reaction Front Evolution during Electrochemical Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon Nanopillars

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Lee, Seok Woo
    Berla, Lucas A.
    McDowell, Matthew T.
    Nix, William D.
    Cui, Yi cc
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUK-F1-038-02
    Date
    2012-12-11
    Online Publication Date
    2012-12-11
    Print Publication Date
    2012-12
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/599453
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    The high theoretical specific capacity of Si as an anode material is attractive in lithium-ion batteries, although the issues caused by large volume changes during cycling have been a major challenge. Efforts have been devoted to understanding how diffusion-induced stresses cause fracture, but recent observations of anisotropic volume expansion in single-crystalline Si nanostructures require new theoretical considerations of expansion behavior during lithiation. Further experimental investigation is also necessary to better understand the anisotropy of the lithiation process. Here, we present a method to reveal the crystalline core of partially lithiated Si nanopillars with three different crystallographic orientations by using methanol to dissolve the Li atoms from the amorphous Li-Si alloy. The exposed crystalline cores have flat {110} surfaces at the pillar sidewalls; these surfaces represent the position of the reaction front between the crystalline core and the amorphous Li-Si alloy. It was also found that an amorphous Si structure remained on the flat surfaces of the crystalline core after dissolution of the Li, which was presumed to be caused by the accumulation of Si atoms left over from the removal of Li from the Li-Si alloy. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
    Citation
    Lee SW, Berla LA, McDowell MT, Nix WD, Cui Y (2012) Reaction Front Evolution during Electrochemical Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon Nanopillars. Isr J Chem 52: 1118–1123. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201200077.
    Sponsors
    A portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 through the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory LDRD Project and Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Subcontract No. 6951379 under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. S. W. L. acknowledges support from KAUST (No. KUK-F1-038-02). M. T. M. acknowledges support from the Chevron Stanford Graduate Fellowship, the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. L. A. B. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and together with W.D.N. gratefully acknowledges support from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-04ER46163.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Israel Journal of Chemistry
    DOI
    10.1002/ijch.201200077
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/ijch.201200077
    Scopus Count
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