Linking disease associations with regulatory information in the human genome
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ArticleDate
2012-09-05Online Publication Date
2012-09-05Print Publication Date
2012-09-01Permanent link to this record
http://hdl.handle.net/10754/598722
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Genome-wide association studies have been successful in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a large number of phenotypes. However, an associated SNP is likely part of a larger region of linkage disequilibrium. This makes it difficult to precisely identify the SNPs that have a biological link with the phenotype. We have systematically investigated the association of multiple types of ENCODE data with disease-associated SNPs and show that there is significant enrichment for functional SNPs among the currently identified associations. This enrichment is strongest when integrating multiple sources of functional information and when highest confidence disease-associated SNPs are used. We propose an approach that integrates multiple types of functional data generated by the ENCODE Consortium to help identify "functional SNPs" that may be associated with the disease phenotype. Our approach generates putative functional annotations for up to 80% of all previously reported associations. We show that for most associations, the functional SNP most strongly supported by experimental evidence is a SNP in linkage disequilibrium with the reported association rather than the reported SNP itself. Our results show that the experimental data sets generated by the ENCODE Consortium can be successfully used to suggest functional hypotheses for variants associated with diseases and other phenotypes.Citation
Schaub MA, Boyle AP, Kundaje A, Batzoglou S, Snyder M (2012) Linking disease associations with regulatory information in the human genome. Genome Research 22: 1748–1759. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.136127.111.Sponsors
We thank Ross Hardison, Ewan Birney, Jason Ernst, KonradKarczewski, Manoj Hariharan, and the members of the Batzogloulaboratory for suggestions and comments. We thank the anonymousreviewers for valuable feedback and suggestions. We thankthe ENCODE Consortium, the Office of Population Genomics atthe National Human Genome Research Institute, the HapMapConsortium, and the Genome Bioinformatics Group at the Universityof California–Santa Cruz for generating the data and toolsused in this work. This work was supported in part by the ENCODEConsortium under Grant No. NIH 5U54 HG 004558, by theNational Science Foundation under Grant No. 0640211, fundingfrom the Beta Cell Consortium, and by a King Abdullah Universityof Science and Technology research grant. M.A.S. was supportedin part by a Richard and Naomi Horowitz Stanford GraduateFellowship. A.K. was partially supported by an ENCODE analysissubcontract.Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryJournal
Genome ResearchPubMed ID
22955986PubMed Central ID
PMC3431491ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1101/gr.136127.111
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