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    Ice-lens formation and geometrical supercooling in soils and other colloidal materials

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Style, Robert W.
    Peppin, Stephen S. L.
    Cocks, Alan C. F.
    Wettlaufer, J. S.
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUK-C1-013-04
    Date
    2011-10-14
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/598544
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    We present a physically intuitive model of ice-lens formation and growth during the freezing of soils and other dense, particulate suspensions. Motivated by experimental evidence, we consider the growth of an ice-filled crack in a freezing soil. At low temperatures, ice in the crack exerts large pressures on the crack walls that will eventually cause the crack to split open. We show that the crack will then propagate across the soil to form a new lens. The process is controlled by two factors: the cohesion of the soil and the geometrical supercooling of the water in the soil, a new concept introduced to measure the energy available to form a new ice lens. When the supercooling exceeds a critical amount (proportional to the cohesive strength of the soil) a new ice lens forms. This condition for ice-lens formation and growth does not appeal to any ad hoc, empirical assumptions, and explains how periodic ice lenses can form with or without the presence of a frozen fringe. The proposed mechanism is in good agreement with experiments, in particular explaining ice-lens pattern formation and surges in heave rate associated with the growth of new lenses. Importantly for systems with no frozen fringe, ice-lens formation and frost heave can be predicted given only the unfrozen properties of the soil. We use our theory to estimate ice-lens growth temperatures obtaining quantitative agreement with the limited experimental data that are currently available. Finally we suggest experiments that might be performed in order to verify this theory in more detail. The theory is generalizable to complex natural-soil scenarios and should therefore be useful in the prediction of macroscopic frost-heave rates. © 2011 American Physical Society.
    Citation
    Style RW, Peppin SSL, Cocks ACF, Wettlaufer JS (2011) Ice-lens formation and geometrical supercooling in soils and other colloidal materials. Phys Rev E 84. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.041402.
    Sponsors
    This publication was based on work supported in part by Award No. KUK-C1-013-04, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). JSW thanks OCCAM, the John Simon Guggenheim and Wenner-Gren Foundations, and Yale University for support.
    Publisher
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Journal
    Physical Review E
    DOI
    10.1103/PhysRevE.84.041402
    PubMed ID
    22181141
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1103/PhysRevE.84.041402
    Scopus Count
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