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    Entropy-driven crystal formation on highly strained substrates

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Savage, John R.
    Hopp, Stefan F.
    Ganapathy, Rajesh
    Gerbode, Sharon J.
    Heuer, Andreas
    Cohen, Itai
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUS-C1-018-02
    Date
    2013-05-20
    Online Publication Date
    2013-05-20
    Print Publication Date
    2013-06-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/598202
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    In heteroepitaxy, lattice mismatch between the deposited material and the underlying surface strongly affects nucleation and growth processes. The effect of mismatch is well studied in atoms with growth kinetics typically dominated by bond formation with interaction lengths on the order of one lattice spacing. In contrast, less is understood about how mismatch affects crystallization of larger particles, such as globular proteins and nanoparticles, where interparticle interaction energies are often comparable to thermal fluctuations and are short ranged, extending only a fraction of the particle size. Here, using colloidal experiments and simulations, we find particles with short-range attractive interactions form crystals on isotropically strained lattices with spacings significantly larger than the interaction length scale. By measuring the free-energy cost of dimer formation on monolayers of increasing uniaxial strain, we show the underlying mismatched substrate mediates an entropy-driven attractive interaction extending well beyond the interaction length scale. Remarkably, because this interaction arises from thermal fluctuations, lowering temperature causes such substrate-mediated attractive crystals to dissolve. Such counterintuitive results underscore the crucial role of entropy in heteroepitaxy in this technologically important regime. Ultimately, this entropic component of lattice mismatched crystal growth could be used to develop unique methods for heterogeneous nucleation and growth of single crystals for applications ranging from protein crystallization to controlling the assembly of nanoparticles into ordered, functional superstructures. In particular, the construction of substrates with spatially modulated strain profiles would exploit this effect to direct self-assembly, whereby nucleation sites and resulting crystal morphology can be controlled directly through modifications of the substrate.
    Citation
    Savage JR, Hopp SF, Ganapathy R, Gerbode SJ, Heuer A, et al. (2013) Entropy-driven crystal formation on highly strained substrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 9301–9304. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221529110.
    Sponsors
    The authors thank James Sethna for comments. This work is supported in part by Award KUS-C1-018-02 from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, by a National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research Career award, and by the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network. S.F.H. and A.H. are grateful for the support by Transregio 61 and Sonderforschungsbereich 858 (DFG).
    Publisher
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Journal
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    DOI
    10.1073/pnas.1221529110
    PubMed ID
    23690613
    PubMed Central ID
    PMC3677474
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1073/pnas.1221529110
    Scopus Count
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