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    Comparing the Device Physics and Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells Employing Fullerenes and Non-Fullerene Acceptors

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Bloking, Jason T.
    Giovenzana, Tommaso
    Higgs, Andrew T.
    Ponec, Andrew J.
    Hoke, Eric T.
    Vandewal, Koen
    Ko, Sangwon
    Bao, Zhenan
    Sellinger, Alan cc
    McGehee, Michael D.
    KAUST Grant Number
    KUS-C1–015–21
    Date
    2014-04-23
    Online Publication Date
    2014-04-23
    Print Publication Date
    2014-08
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/597808
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    There is a need to find electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics that are not based on fullerene derivatives since fullerenes have a small band gap that limits the open-circuit voltage (VOC), do not absorb strongly and are expensive. Here, a phenylimide-based acceptor molecule, 4,7-bis(4-(N-hexyl-phthalimide)vinyl)benzo[c]1,2,5-thiadiazole (HPI-BT), that can be used to make solar cells with VOC values up to 1.11 V and power conversion efficiencies up to 3.7% with two thiophene polymers is demonstrated. An internal quantum efficiency of 56%, compared to 75-90% for polymer-fullerene devices, results from less efficient separation of geminate charge pairs. While favorable energetic offsets in the polymer-fullerene devices due to the formation of a disordered mixed phase are thought to improve charge separation, the low miscibility (<5 wt%) of HPI-BT in polymers is hypothesized to prevent the mixed phase and energetic offsets from forming, thus reducing the driving force for charges to separate into the pure donor and acceptor phases where they can be collected. A small molecule electron acceptor, 4,7-bis(4-(N-hexyl-phthalimide)vinyl)benzo[c]1,2,5-thiadiazole (HPI-BT), achieves efficiencies of 3.7% and open-circuit voltage values of 1.11 V in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices with polythiophene donor materials. The lower internal quantum efficiency (56%) in these non-fullerene acceptor devices is attributed to an absence of the favorable energetic offsets resulting from nanoscale mixing of donor and acceptor found in comparable fullerene-based devices. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
    Citation
    Bloking JT, Giovenzana T, Higgs AT, Ponec AJ, Hoke ET, et al. (2014) Comparing the Device Physics and Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells Employing Fullerenes and Non-Fullerene Acceptors. Adv Energy Mater 4: n/a–n/a. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201301426.
    Sponsors
    The authors would like to thank S. Himmelberger from Stanford University for his efforts in preparing field effect transistor devices from spin-coated HPI-BT films. They also thank T. Burke, K. Graham, S. Sweetnam, Z. Beiley, J. Bartelt and A. Salleo for fruitful discussions regarding the morphological model presented here. This work was supported by funds provided by the Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) Award No. 1138721 and by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (CAMP), Award No. KUS-C1–015–21 made by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Advanced Energy Materials
    DOI
    10.1002/aenm.201301426
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/aenm.201301426
    Scopus Count
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