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    Cenosphere formation from heavy fuel oil: a numerical analysis accounting for the balance between porous shells and internal pressure

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Vanteru, Mahendra Reddy cc
    Rahman, Mustafa M. cc
    Gandi, Appala
    Elbaz, Ayman M.
    Schrecengost, Robert A.
    Roberts, William L. cc
    KAUST Department
    Clean Combustion Research Center
    Computational Physics and Materials Science (CPMS)
    Mechanical Engineering Program
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    high-pressure combustion (HPC) Research Group
    Date
    2016-01-18
    Online Publication Date
    2016-01-18
    Print Publication Date
    2016-01-02
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/596924
    
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    Abstract
    Heavy fuel oil (HFO) as a fuel in industrial and power generation plants ensures the availability of energy at economy. Coke and cenosphere emissions from HFO combustion need to be controlled by particulate control equipment such as electrostatic precipitators, and collection effectiveness is impacted by the properties of these particulates. The cenosphere formation is a function of HFO composition, which varies depending on the source of the HFO. Numerical modelling of the cenosphere formation mechanism presented in this paper is an economical method of characterising cenosphere formation potential for HFO in comparison to experimental analysis of individual HFO samples, leading to better control and collection. In the present work, a novel numerical model is developed for understanding the global cenosphere formation mechanism. The critical diameter of the cenosphere is modelled based on the balance between two pressures developed in an HFO droplet. First is the pressure (Prpf) developed at the interface of the liquid surface and the inner surface of the accumulated coke due to the flow restriction of volatile components from the interior of the droplet. Second is the pressure due to the outer shell strength (PrC) gained from van der Walls energy of the coke layers and surface energy. In this present study it is considered that when PrC ≥ Prpf the outer shell starts to harden. The internal motion in the shell layer ceases and the outer diameter (DSOut) of the shell is then fixed. The entire process of cenosphere formation in this study is analysed in three phases: regression, shell formation and hardening, and post shell hardening. Variations in pressures during shell formation are analysed. Shell (cenosphere) dimensions are evaluated at the completion of droplet evaporation. The rate of fuel evaporation, rate of coke formation and coke accumulation are analysed. The model predicts shell outer diameters of 650, 860 and 1040 µm, and inner diameters are 360, 410 and 430 µm respectively, for 700, 900 and 1100 µm HFO droplets. The present numerical model is validated with experimental results available from the literature. Total variation between computational and experimental results is in the range of 3–7%.
    Citation
    Cenosphere formation from heavy fuel oil: a numerical analysis accounting for the balance between porous shells and internal pressure 2016, 20 (1):154 Combustion Theory and Modelling
    Sponsors
    The authors gratefully acknowledge that this article is based upon research supported by Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd. and Alstom Power Inc. in collaboration with KAUST's Clean Combustion Research Center.
    Publisher
    Informa UK Limited
    Journal
    Combustion Theory and Modelling
    DOI
    10.1080/13647830.2015.1118556
    Additional Links
    http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13647830.2015.1118556
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1080/13647830.2015.1118556
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Mechanical Engineering Program; Computational Physics and Materials Science (CPMS); Clean Combustion Research Center

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