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    Volcano-tectonic control of Merapi's lava dome splitting observed from high resolution TerraSAR-X data

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    Type
    Presentation
    Authors
    Luehr, Birger-G.
    Walter, Thomas R.
    Subandriyo, Joko
    Sri Brotopuspito, Kirbani
    Vasyura-Bathke, Hannes cc
    Suryanto, Wiwit
    Aisyah, Naning
    Darmawan, Herlan
    Nikkhoo, Mehdi
    Richter, Nicole
    Jousset, Philippe
    Dahm, Torsten
    KAUST Department
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
    Date
    2015-04
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/595121
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Volcanism at active andesite-dacite volcanoes is often associated with the formation and collapse of circular shaped protrusions of extruded, highly viscous lava, the so-called domes, which are emplaced in the near summit region. Growing domes may experience stable and instable structural phases, with a gradual transition in between. Dome collapse and the break-off of instable blocks of viscous lava may lead to pyroclastic flows, one of the most lethal hazards at stratovolcanoes. At Merapi volcano, Indonesia, nearly 50 % of all eruptions are accompanied by these phenomena. After the climactic eruption in 2010 which left an amphitheater in the summit region, a new dome started growing. Three years later, the dome reached a height of approximately 100 m and diameters of 220 and 190 m with a plateau-like surface area of 40,000m2 approximately. On 18/11/2013, an explosion occurred without identified precursors, leaving a major fracture cutting the complete dome structure. Based on high resolution TerraSAR-X satellite radar imagery, we could identify this linear fracture, traceable over ~200m in the long axis, and up to 40m width. After geocoding of the radar amplitude imagery, the fractures azimuthal trend could be compared to other structural lineaments, indicative of a significant NNW-SSE structural direction that has formed on Merapi volcano in the past. This alignment is also visible in a seismic velocity tomographic imagery for the upper crust, down to 15 km depth. The Merapi dome fractured in a NW-SE direction, and is consistent with the alignment of regional tectonic structures and of anticipated directions of pyroclastic flows. The fracture may be part of a larger volcano-tectonic system and may affect the dynamics and the stability of the Merapi dome.
    Conference/Event name
    EGU General Assembly 2015
    Additional Links
    http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711868L
    Collections
    Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division; Presentations

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