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    Effect of salinity on carbon and sulfur cycles in Umm Alhool sabkha microbial mat ecosystem in Qatar

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    Abstract
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    Type
    Presentation
    Authors
    Alnajjar, Mohammad Ahmad cc
    Al-Thani, Roda
    Al Raei, Abdul Monem
    KAUST Department
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2012-10-30
    Online Publication Date
    2012-10-30
    Print Publication Date
    2012-10
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/593658
    
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    Abstract
    Microbial mats are only present under extreme conditions, where grazing by higher organisms is limited. Therefore, microbial mats may provide insight into extraterrestrial life, due to their adaptations to extreme temperatures, desiccation or salinity. They are faced with a diurnal cycle with variable length based on their location, which exposes them to extreme salinity conditions (i.e., water withdrawal and high evaporation). Cyanobacteria in the photic zone of a mat ecosystem supply the other microorganism with the required organic material to produce energy and grow. Subsequently, this will reproduce the nutrients needed by the phototrophs through elemental re-mineralization. In this work, we investigated the effect of water salinity that covers the microbial mat ecosystem of Umm Alhool sabkha, Qatar, regarding the most important processes within microbial mats: photosynthesis and sulfate reduction (SR). Our results showed that both photosynthetic and sulfate reduction rates decreased with increasing the salinity. The microbial community structure, assessed by 454 pyro-sequencing, revealed that the cyanobacterial community structure changed in response to the change in salinity. This was not the case for the sulfate reducer community structure, which stayed as it is in the mats incubated at different salinities. Therefore, we speculate that salinity affects the photosynthetic community structure, and consequently affects the photosynthetic activity of the whole ecosystem. However, sulfate reduction rates decreased due to less organic material supply from the upper layers and not due to change in microbial community structure of SR. Other factors such as the activity of the enzymes could also have an effect on SRR, but it was not investigated in this study.
    Citation
    Effect of salinity on carbon and sulfur cycles in Umm Alhool sabkha microbial mat ecosystem in Qatar 2012 (2012):EEP32 Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings
    Publisher
    Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
    Journal
    Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings
    DOI
    10.5339/qfarf.2012.EEP32
    Additional Links
    http://www.qscience.com/doi/abs/10.5339/qfarf.2012.EEP32
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.5339/qfarf.2012.EEP32
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program; Presentations

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