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    A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea

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    Appendix S1 - References for updated checklist of coral.docx
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    Appendix S1 - Updated checklist of corals.xlsx
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    Appendix S2 - Updated fish checklist.xlsx
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    Appendix S3 - References for updated checklist of non-coral invertebrates.docx
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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    DiBattista, Joseph cc
    Roberts, May B. cc
    Bouwmeester, Jessica cc
    Bowen, Brian W.
    Coker, Darren James cc
    Lozano-Cortés, Diego cc
    Howard Choat, J.
    Gaither, Michelle R. cc
    Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.
    Khalil, Maha T. cc
    Kochzius, Marc
    Myers, Robert F.
    Paulay, Gustav
    Robitzch Sierra, Vanessa S. N. cc
    Saenz Agudelo, Pablo
    Salas, Eva
    Sinclair-Taylor, Tane
    Toonen, Robert J.
    Westneat, Mark W.
    Williams, Suzanne T. cc
    Berumen, Michael L. cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Marine Science Program
    Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)
    Date
    2015-11-03
    Online Publication Date
    2015-11-03
    Print Publication Date
    2016-03
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/583300
    
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    Abstract
    Aim The Red Sea is characterised by a unique fauna and historical periods of desiccation, hypersalinity and intermittent isolation. The origin and contemporary composition of reef-associated taxa in this region can illuminate biogeographical principles about vicariance and the establishment (or local extirpation) of existing species. Here we aim to: (1) outline the distribution of shallow water fauna between the Red Sea and adjacent regions, (2) explore mechanisms for maintaining these distributions and (3) propose hypotheses to test these mechanisms. Location Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean. Methods Updated checklists for scleractinian corals, fishes and non-coral invertebrates were used to determine species richness in the Red Sea and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula and assess levels of endemism. Fine-scale diversity and abundance of reef fishes within the Red Sea were explored using ecological survey data. Results Within the Red Sea, we recorded 346 zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate scleractinian coral species of which 19 are endemic (5.5%). Currently 635 species of polychaetes, 211 echinoderms and 79 ascidians have been documented, with endemism rates of 12.6%, 8.1% and 16.5% respectively. A preliminary compilation of 231 species of crustaceans and 137 species of molluscs include 10.0% and 6.6% endemism respectively. We documented 1071 shallow fish species, with 12.9% endemic in the entire Red Sea and 14.1% endemic in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Based on ecological survey data of endemic fishes, there were no major changes in species richness or abundance across 1100 km of Saudi Arabian coastline. Main conclusions The Red Sea biota appears resilient to major environmental fluctuations and is characterized by high rates of endemism with variable degrees of incursion into the Gulf of Aden. The nearby Omani and Arabian Gulfs also have variable environments and high levels of endemism, but these are not consistently distinct across taxa. The presence of physical barriers does not appear to explain species distributions, which are more likely determined by ecological plasticity and genetic diversity.
    Citation
    A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea 2015:n/a Journal of Biogeography
    Publisher
    Wiley
    Journal
    Journal of Biogeography
    DOI
    10.1111/jbi.12649
    Additional Links
    http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jbi.12649
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/jbi.12649
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Marine Science Program

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