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    Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Jones, Eppie R.
    Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria
    Connell, Sarah
    Siska, Veronika
    Eriksson, Anders cc
    Martiniano, Rui
    McLaughlin, Russell L.
    Gallego Llorente, Marcos cc
    Cassidy, Lara M.
    Gamba, Cristina
    Meshveliani, Tengiz
    Bar-Yosef, Ofer
    Müller, Werner
    Belfer-Cohen, Anna
    Matskevich, Zinovi
    Jakeli, Nino
    Higham, Thomas F. G.
    Currat, Mathias
    Lordkipanidze, David
    Hofreiter, Michael
    Manica, Andrea
    Pinhasi, Ron
    Bradley, Daniel G.
    KAUST Department
    Integrative Systems Biology Lab
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Date
    2015-11-16
    Online Publication Date
    2015-11-16
    Print Publication Date
    2015-12
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/583053
    
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    Abstract
    We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic–Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ~45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ~25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ~3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.
    Citation
    Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians 2015, 6:8912 Nature Communications
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Nature Communications
    DOI
    10.1038/ncomms9912
    PubMed ID
    26567969
    Additional Links
    http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms9912
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/ncomms9912
    Scopus Count
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    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division

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