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    [Mini review] metagenomic studies of the Red Sea

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Behzad, Hayedeh
    Ibarra, Martin Augusto
    Mineta, Katsuhiko cc
    Gojobori, Takashi cc
    KAUST Department
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Bioscience Program
    Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)
    Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
    Date
    2015-10-25
    Online Publication Date
    2015-10-25
    Print Publication Date
    2016-02
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/581498
    
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    Abstract
    Metagenomics has significantly advanced the field of marine microbial ecology, revealing the vast diversity of previously unknown microbial life forms in different marine niches. The tremendous amount of data generated has enabled identification of a large number of microbial genes (metagenomes), their community interactions, adaptation mechanisms, and their potential applications in pharmaceutical and biotechnology-based industries. Comparative metagenomics reveals that microbial diversity is a function of the local environment, meaning that unique or unusual environments typically harbor novel microbial species with unique genes and metabolic pathways. The Red Sea has an abundance of unique characteristics; however, its microbiota is one of the least studied amongst marine environments. The Red Sea harbors approximately 25 hot anoxic brine pools, plus a vibrant coral reef ecosystem. Physiochemical studies describe the Red Sea as an oligotrophic environment that contains one of the warmest and saltiest waters in the world with year-round high UV radiations. These characteristics are believed to have shaped the evolution of microbial communities in the Red Sea. Over-representation of genes involved in DNA repair, high-intensity light responses, and osmolyte C1 oxidation were found in the Red Sea metagenomic databases suggesting acquisition of specific environmental adaptation by the Red Sea microbiota. The Red Sea brine pools harbor a diverse range of halophilic and thermophilic bacterial and archaeal communities, which are potential sources of enzymes for pharmaceutical and biotechnology-based application. Understanding the mechanisms of these adaptations and their function within the larger ecosystem could also prove useful in light of predicted global warming scenarios where global ocean temperatures are expected to rise by 1–3 °C in the next few decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the published metagenomic studies that were conducted in the Red Sea, and the bio-prospecting potential of the Red Sea microbiota. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of the previous studies and the need for generating a large and representative metagenomic database of the Red Sea to help establish a dynamic model of the Red Sea microbiota.
    Citation
    [Mini review] metagenomic studies of the Red Sea 2015 Gene
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    Journal
    Gene
    DOI
    10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.034
    PubMed ID
    26526132
    Additional Links
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378111915012421
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.034
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division; Bioscience Program; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC); Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division

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