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    Metagenomic-Based Study of the Phylogenetic and Functional Gene Diversity in Galápagos Land and Marine Iguanas

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    Type
    Article
    Authors
    Hong, Pei-Ying cc
    Mao, Yuejian
    Ortiz-Kofoed, Shannon
    Shah, Rushabh S.
    Cann, Isaac Ko O
    Mackie, Roderick Ian
    KAUST Department
    Environmental Science and Engineering Program
    Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)
    Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
    Environmental Microbial Safety and Biotechnology Lab
    Date
    2014-12-19
    Online Publication Date
    2014-12-19
    Print Publication Date
    2015-02
    Permanent link to this record
    http://hdl.handle.net/10754/575628
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    In this study, a metagenome-based analysis of the fecal samples from the macrophytic algae-consuming marine iguana (MI; Amblyrhynchus cristatus) and terrestrial biomass-consuming land iguanas (LI; Conolophus spp.) was conducted. Phylogenetic affiliations of the fecal microbiome were more similar between both iguanas than to other mammalian herbivorous hosts. However, functional gene diversities in both MI and LI iguana hosts differed in relation to the diet, where the MI fecal microbiota had a functional diversity that clustered apart from the other terrestrial-biomass consuming reptilian and mammalian hosts. A further examination of the carbohydrate-degrading genes revealed that several of the prevalent glycosyl hydrolases (GH), glycosyl transferases (GT), carbohydrate binding modules (CBM), and carbohydrate esterases (CE) gene classes were conserved among all examined herbivorous hosts, reiterating the important roles these genes play in the breakdown and metabolism of herbivorous diets. Genes encoding some classes of carbohydrate-degrading families, including GH2, GH13, GT2, GT4, CBM50, CBM48, CE4, and CE11, as well as genes associated with sulfur metabolism and dehalogenation, were highly enriched or unique to the MI. In contrast, gene sequences that relate to archaeal methanogenesis were detected only in LI fecal microbiome, and genes coding for GH13, GH66, GT2, GT4, CBM50, CBM13, CE4, and CE8 carbohydrate active enzymes were highly abundant in the LI. Bacterial populations were enriched on various carbohydrates substrates (e.g., glucose, arabinose, xylose). The majority of the enriched bacterial populations belong to genera Clostridium spp. and Enterococcus spp. that likely accounted for the high prevalence of GH13 and GH2, as well as the GT families (e.g., GT2, GT4, GT28, GT35, and GT51) that were ubiquitously present in the fecal microbiota of all herbivorous hosts.
    Citation
    Hong, P.-Y., Mao, Y., Ortiz-Kofoed, S., Shah, R., Cann, I., & Mackie, R. I. (2014). Metagenomic-Based Study of the Phylogenetic and Functional Gene Diversity in Galápagos Land and Marine Iguanas. Microbial Ecology, 69(2), 444–456. doi:10.1007/s00248-014-0547-6
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Journal
    Microbial Ecology
    DOI
    10.1007/s00248-014-0547-6
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s00248-014-0547-6
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Articles; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division; Environmental Science and Engineering Program; Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center (WDRC)

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